{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:57:08Z","timestamp":1792681028334,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006282","name":"Koning Boudewijnstichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u2010J1811190\u2010212989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u2010J1811190\u2010212989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006282","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C14\/17\/102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C14\/17\/102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction. Crucial for efficient social interaction is the ability to quickly and accurately extract information from a person's face. Frequency\u2010tagging electroencephalography (EEG) is a novel tool to quantify face\u2010processing sensitivity in a robust and implicit manner. In terms of intervention approaches, intranasal administration of oxytocin (OT) is increasingly considered as a potential pharmacological approach for improving socio\u2010communicative difficulties in ASD, through enhancing social salience and\/or reducing (social) stress and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, mechanistic pharmaco\u2010neuroimaging clinical trial, we implemented frequency\u2010tagging EEG to conduct an exploratory investigation into the impact of repeated OT administration (4\u2009weeks, 12\u2009IU, twice daily) on neural sensitivity towards happy and fearful facial expressions in children with ASD (8\u201312\u2009years old; OT:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929; placebo:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200932). Neural effects were assessed at baseline, post\u2010nasal spray (24\u2009hr after the last nasal spray) and at a follow\u2010up session, 4\u2009weeks after the OT administration period. At baseline, neural assessments of children with ASD were compared with those of an age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched cohort of neurotypical (NT) children (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200939).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with ASD demonstrated reduced neural sensitivity towards expressive faces, as compared to NT children. Upon nasal spray administration, children with ASD displayed a significant increase in neural sensitivity at the post\u2010 and follow\u2010up sessions, but only in the placebo group, likely reflecting an implicit learning effect. Strikingly, in the OT group, neural sensitivity remained unaffected from the baseline to the post\u2010session, likely reflecting a dampening of an otherwise typically occurring implicit learning effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First, we validated the robustness of the frequency\u2010tagging EEG approach to assess reduced neural sensitivity towards expressive faces in children with ASD. Furthermore, in contrast to social salience effects observed after single\u2010dose administrations, repeated OT administration dampened typically occurring learning effects in neural sensitivity. In line with OT's social anxiolytic account, these observations possibly reflect a predominant (social) stress regulatory effect towards emotionally evocative faces after repeated OT administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T21:51:04Z","timestamp":1686174664000},"page":"1583-1595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Can repeated intranasal oxytocin administration affect reduced neural sensitivity towards expressive faces in autism? A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7133-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthijs","family":"Moerkerke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicky","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Van der Donck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tibermont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Debbaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies","family":"Bamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jellina","family":"Prinsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Steyaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaat","family":"Alaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Boets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes) KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0653-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910249107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2014.957719"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Social effects of oxytocin in humans: Context and person matter","volume":"15","author":"Bartz J.A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01069-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010213-115110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Constantino J. &Gruber C.(2012).Social responsiveness scale 2nd. 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