{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:58:26Z","timestamp":1789995506580,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["105314_207624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105314_207624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) both convey a high risk for maladjustment later in life and are understudied in girls. Here, we aimed at confirming the efficacy of START NOW, a cognitive\u2010behavioral, dialectical behavior therapy\u2010oriented skills training program aiming to enhance emotion regulation skills, interpersonal and psychosocial adjustment, adapted for female adolescents with CD or ODD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 127 girls were included in this prospective, cluster randomized, multi\u2010center, parallel group, quasi\u2010randomized, controlled phase III trial, which tested the efficacy of START NOW (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200972) compared with standard care (treatment as usual, TAU,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200955). All female adolescents had a clinical diagnosis of CD or ODD, were 15.6 (\u00b11.5) years on average (range: 12\u201320\u2009years), and were institutionalized in youth welfare institutions. The two primary endpoints were the change in number of CD\/ODD symptoms between (1) baseline (T1) and post\u2010treatment (T3), and (2) between T1 and 12\u2010week follow\u2010up (T4).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both treatment groups showed reduced CD\/ODD symptoms at T3 compared with T1 (95% CI: START NOW\u2009=\u2009\u22124.87, \u22122.49; TAU\u2009=\u2009\u22124.94, \u22122.30). There was no significant mean difference in CD\/ODD symptom reduction from T1 to T3 between START NOW and TAU (\u22120.056; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22121.860, 1.749; Hedge's\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.011). However, the START NOW group showed greater mean symptom reduction from T1 to T4 (\u22122.326; 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22124.274, \u22120.378; Hedge's\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.563). Additionally, secondary endpoint results revealed a reduction in staff reported aggression and parent\u2010reported irritability at post assessment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although START NOW did not result in greater symptom reduction from baseline to post\u2010treatment compared with TAU, the START NOW group showed greater symptom reduction from baseline to follow\u2010up with a medium effect size, which indicates a clinically meaningful delayed treatment effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T23:24:40Z","timestamp":1697066680000},"page":"316-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<scp>START NOW<\/scp>\n                    : a cognitive behavioral skills training for adolescent girls with conduct or oppositional defiant disorder \u2013 a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Stadler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Freitag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Popma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry &amp; Psychosocial Care Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8475-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucres","family":"Nauta\u2010Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry &amp; Psychosocial Care Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty University Hospital RWTH Aachen  Aachen Germany"},{"name":"JARA\u2010Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging RWTH Aachen &amp; Research Centre Juelich  Juelich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Unternaehrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anka","family":"Bernhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Oldenhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry &amp; 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