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This study examined associations between developmental trajectories of emotional problems and early adult alcohol use behaviors, while considering co\u2010occurring conduct problems, developmental change\/timing, sex differences, and potential confounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were from the Twins Early Development Study (analytic\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919,908 individuals). Emotional and conduct problems were measured by parent reports at child ages 4, 7, and 9\u2009years and via self\u2010reports at ages 9, 11, and 16\u2009years on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Alcohol use behaviors (alcohol consumption and alcohol\u2010related problems) were self\u2010reported by the twins on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test at age 22\u2009years. Piecewise latent growth curve models described nonlinear developmental trajectories of emotional and conduct problems from ages 4 to 16. At age 22, alcohol use was regressed on emotional and conduct problems' intercepts and slopes from piecewise latent growth curve model and sex differences in regression coefficients were tested. Using twin modeling, Cholesky decompositions and direct path models were compared to test whether significant phenotypic associations were best explained by direct phenotypic influences or correlated genetic and environmental influences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Emotional problems had different associations with alcohol\u2010related problems versus alcohol consumption. After accounting for direct influences from conduct problems, emotional problems were not associated with\n                      <jats:italic>alcohol\u2010related problems<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while emotional problems at age 9 were negatively associated with\n                      <jats:italic>alcohol consumption<\/jats:italic>\n                      in males.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, findings did not support emotional problems as prospective risk factors for severe alcohol use above and beyond risks associated with conduct problems. Sex\u2010 and age\u2010specific links between emotional problems and alcohol consumption in early adulthood may be worthy of further exploration, particularly as twin analyses improved our confidence that such links may be underpinned by causal mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T08:34:02Z","timestamp":1719390842000},"page":"85-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Developmental trajectories of child and adolescent emotional problems: associations with early adult alcohol use behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8443-0590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2340-9429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olakunle A.","family":"Oginni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health Obafemi Awolowo University  Ile\u2010Ife Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3123-5411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurie J.","family":"Hannigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nic Waals Institute Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Mental Disorders Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6458-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thalia C.","family":"Eley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1601-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Maggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Family Studies The Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8187-6538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley N.","family":"Linden\u2010Carmichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center The Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4474-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenae M.","family":"Neiderhiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents","volume":"5","author":"Angold A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494818769174"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-017-0370-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01742.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0600-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Foster K.T.(2019).The role of internalizing symptoms in accounting for intra\u2010and inter\u2010individual variation in alcohol use problems. 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