{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:00:24Z","timestamp":1791068424228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While research has described the profile of children with poor mental health, little is known about whether this profile and their needs have changed over time. Our aim was to investigate whether levels of difficulties and functional impact faced by children with a psychiatric disorder have changed over time, and whether sociodemographic and family correlates have changed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Samples were three national probability surveys undertaken in England in 1999, 2004 and 2017 including children aged 5\u201315\u2009years. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Development and Well\u2010Being Assessment (DAWBA), a standardised multi\u2010informant diagnostic tool based on the tenth International Classification of Diseases (ICD\u201010). The impact and difficulties of having a disorder (emotional, behavioural or hyperkinetic) were compared over time using total difficulty and impact scores from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Analyses explored the impact of having any disorder, as well as for each disorder separately. Regression analyses compared associations between disorders and sociodemographic factors over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parent\u2010 and adolescent\u2010reported total SDQ difficulty and impact scores increased between 1999 and 2017 for children and adolescents with disorders. No differences were noted when using teacher ratings. No differences in total SDQ difficulty score were found for children without a disorder. Comparison of sociodemographic correlates across the surveys over time revealed that ethnic minority status, living in rented accommodation and being in the lowest income quintile had a weaker association with disorder in 2017 compared to 1999.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study reveals a concerning trend; children with a disorder in 2017 experienced more severe difficulties and greater impact on functioning at school, home and in their daily lives, compared to children with a disorder in earlier decades. Research is needed to identify and understand factors that may explain the changing nature and level of need among children with a disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T05:25:00Z","timestamp":1721798700000},"page":"167-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characteristics of children with a psychiatric disorder in 1999, 2004 and 2017: an analysis of the national child mental health surveys of England"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Armitage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health Cardiff University  Cardiff UK"},{"name":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-3724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamsin","family":"Newlove\u2010Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5295-4904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamsin","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of\u00a0Psychiatry Cambridge University  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2711-0819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Social Care National Centre for Social Research  London UK"},{"name":"School of Health and Psychological Sciences City, University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Collishaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health Cardiff University  Cardiff UK"},{"name":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(23)00175-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04438-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood mental disorders in high\u2010income countries: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to inform policymaking","volume":"25","author":"Barican J.L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Mental Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01305-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200310000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Access and waiting times in children and young people's mental health services","author":"Frith E.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"A user's guide to the general health questionnaire","author":"Goldberg D.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.6.534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e557702010-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v054.i07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","volume-title":"Build Back fairer: The COVID\u201019 Marmot review. The pandemic, socioeconomic and health inequalities in England","author":"Marmot M.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-0606.1985.tb00028.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"IFS Deaton review of inequalities","author":"Mirza H.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsab062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","volume-title":"Mental health of children and young people in England, 2022","author":"Newlove\u2010Delgado T.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"Sadler K. Vizard T. Ford T. Marchesell F. Pearce N. Mandalia D. et\u00a0al. (2018).Mental health of children and young people in England 2017. 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