{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:35:53Z","timestamp":1791308153847,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD077482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD077482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215917\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215917\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["218632\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["218632\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/P000347\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/P000347\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/S012567\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/S012567\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DA050560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DA050560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003986","name":"Jacobs Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G1002190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G1002190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health problems, but many children who experience ACEs do not develop such difficulties. A warm and supportive adult presence in childhood is associated with a lower likelihood of developing mental health problems after exposure to ACEs. However, it is unclear whether this association is causal, as previous research has not accounted for genetic and environmental confounding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the twin\u2010difference design to strengthen causal inference about whether a warm and supportive adult presence protects children exposed to ACEs from mental health problems. Participants were from the Environmental Risk (E\u2010Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population\u2010representative birth cohort of 2,232 same\u2010sex twins. ACEs were measured prospectively from ages 5 to 12. Maternal warmth was assessed at ages 5 and 10 through maternal speech samples. Adult support was assessed through child reports at age 12. Mental health problems were assessed through interviews at age 12 with parents and teachers and participants at age 18.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among children exposed to ACEs, those who experienced greater maternal warmth and adult support had lower levels of mental health problems at ages 12 and 18. In monozygotic twin\u2010difference analyses, the protective effects of maternal warmth and adult support on mental health were attenuated by 70% for maternal warmth and 81% for adult support, compared to phenotypic analyses. Twins who experienced greater maternal warmth and adult support had minimal or no difference in mental health compared to their co\u2010twins, concordant for ACE exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The apparent protective effect of a warm, supportive adult against mental health problems following ACEs is largely explained by genetic and environmental confounding. This suggests that interventions which boost maternal warmth and adult support should be supplemented by components addressing wider family environments and heritable vulnerabilities in children exposed to adversity, to improve mental health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T19:35:14Z","timestamp":1731440114000},"page":"650-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Can a warm and supportive adult protect against mental health problems amongst children with experience of adversity? A twin\u2010differences study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9517-7970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Stock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Lacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London  London UK"},{"name":"School of Health and Medical Sciences, City St George's University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2938-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Arseneault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avshalom","family":"Caspi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University  Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Duke University Population Research Institute Duke University  Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University  Durham NC USA"},{"name":"PROMENTA, Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eloise","family":"Crush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8718-5412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Danese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"National and Specialist CAMHS Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression Clinic South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Latham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrie E.","family":"Moffitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University  Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Duke University Population Research Institute Duke University  Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University  Durham NC USA"},{"name":"PROMENTA, Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne B.","family":"Newbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences: Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Development University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4174-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen L.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5703-5058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessie R.","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Integrative guide for the 1991 CBCL\/4\u201018, YSR, and TRF profiles","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Manual for the child behavior checklist and 1991 profile","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Manual for the teacher's report form and 1991 profile","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.40.3.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.0465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM\u20104","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025414532172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5602"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1228-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.40.2.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-018-0217-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31825fa230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmmh.2021.100013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14716.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02343-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(86)90049-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610383511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.01.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7223.1467"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic interview schedule for DSM\u2010IV","author":"Robins L.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702617741381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-017-0869-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/136905202320906255"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.14070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T15:30:59Z","timestamp":1762183859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jcpp.14070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jcpp.14070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.14070","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}