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This study examined if high autistic traits in childhood predispose individuals to traumatic experiences, the development of PTSD and general psychopathology, and greater functional impairment by age 18, in both the general population and a subsample of trauma\u2010exposed young people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were utilised from the Environmental Risk (E\u2010Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative cohort of 2,232 same\u2010sex twins born in 1994\u20131995 across England and Wales. Participants were a subset of children whose parents completed the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), during assessments at ages 8, 9 and\/or 12\u2009years (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091,504). We tested associations between autistic traits in childhood and age\u201018 reports of lifetime trauma exposure, lifetime PTSD diagnosis, general psychopathology (\u2018\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010factor\u2019) and NEET status (\u2018not in employment, education or training\u2019). Analyses were conducted controlling for sex, family socioeconomic status (SES), intelligence quotient (IQ) and accounting for family clustering.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher autistic traits in childhood were significantly associated with greater reports of lifetime trauma exposure (Odd Ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.26, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI]\u2009=\u20091.03; 1.54), lifetime PTSD diagnosis (OR\u2009=\u20091.91, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.29; 2.82), general psychopathology (beta\u2009=\u20093.22, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.84; 4.60) and NEET status (OR\u2009=\u20091.48, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.05; 2.09) at age 18. Only the associations of autistic traits with PTSD and general psychopathology were robust to adjustment for potential confounders. Among trauma\u2010exposed children, autistic traits were also significantly associated with lifetime PTSD diagnosis (OR\u2009=\u20091.75, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.15; 2.68) and psychopathology (beta\u2009=\u20093.36, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.68; 6.04) at age 18, but only the association with PTSD held when adjusted for confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest a need to develop targeted assessments and evidence\u2010based treatments for PTSD to meet the needs of children with high autistic traits. However, whether our findings extend to diagnosed autistic children requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:45:05Z","timestamp":1743122705000},"page":"1514-1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Autistic traits in childhood and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder as young adults: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5563-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice M.G.","family":"Quinton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Genetic &amp; Developmental Psychiatry Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freya","family":"Rumball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Genetic &amp; Developmental Psychiatry Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Adult Autism Assessment Service Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust  Bexley UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Ronald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4174-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen L.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Genetic &amp; Developmental Psychiatry Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2938-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Arseneault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Genetic &amp; 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