{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:06:07Z","timestamp":1787317567902,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01DC020186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DC020186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some autistic children exhibit behavior that caregivers, clinicians, and researchers consider problematic. However, there is little consensus about the types of behaviors that should be treated as a problem and reduced via intervention. In autism intervention research, problem behaviors range from inherently harmful behaviors such as aggression and self\u2010injury to nonnormative but not harmful behaviors associated with autism such as repetitive movements. Likewise, there are a variety of conceptualizations and measurement practices used to assess these behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this secondary systematic review of group\u2010design, nonpharmacological intervention studies for autistic children up to age eight, we explore researchers' conceptualizations of problem behavior and measurement systems to assess problem behavior. We defined problem behavior as any outcome where behaviors were targeted for reduction or elimination. A coding scheme was applied to 102 studies that met inclusion criteria for the secondary review. All studies were double coded by two independent coders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010two percent of studies described reducing behavior as a primary or secondary purpose of the study and\/or intervention, 33% gave a rationale for targeting behaviors for reduction, and 28% offered a conceptualization of the behavior(s) they targeted. Only 8% offered a conceptual definition. The most common measures were \u2018off\u2010the\u2010shelf\u2019 measures that had undergone at least some previous validation beyond interrater reliability and that involved parent reports. For the 10 most common assessment measures, two were validated along six different validation dimensions in autistic populations. All but one full scale or subscale measured behaviors that were nonnormative but not inherently harmful, or a mix of behaviors that were inherently harmful and that were nonnormative but not inherently harmful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intervention researchers should provide clear definitions and rationales for targeting behaviors for reduction via intervention and should develop refined measurement tools for assessing these behaviors in collaboration with the autistic community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T18:34:47Z","timestamp":1748802887000},"page":"1765-1780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Research Review: Conceptualizing and measuring \u2018problem behavior\u2019 in early intervention autism research \u2013 a project\n                    <scp>AIM<\/scp>\n                    secondary systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0009-9464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen","family":"Bottema\u2010Beutel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lynch School of Education and Human Development Boston College  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoxi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lynch School of Education and Human Development Boston College  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Hinson\u2010Wiliams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lynch School of Education and Human Development Boston College  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueyang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lynch School of Education and Human Development Boston College  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"LaPoint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Teacher Education Florida State University  Tallahassee FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Woynaroski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Frist Center for Autism and Innovation Vanderbilt University  Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University  Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Kennedy Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii at Manoa  Honolulu HI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micheal","family":"Sandbank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Department of Health Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40617-018-00291-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10864-022-09491-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01454455241262414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01459740.2018.1460750"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1014401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613241262077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12931"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613241245642"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1244451"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613241229159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3584-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2511\/rpsd.32.2.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361313517762"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","volume-title":"Manual: Social Responsiveness Scale","author":"Constantino J.N.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511543739"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2003.36-147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(01)00295-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1732"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bja.2022.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (version 6.2)","author":"Higgins J.P.T.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2023.102378"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Autistic disturbances of affective contact","volume":"2","author":"Kanner L.","year":"1943","journal-title":"The Nervous Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"Kapp S.K.(2014).A critical response to \u201cThe Kids Who Beat Autism\u201d. 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