{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:12:02Z","timestamp":1787015522772,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT\u2010155935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT\u2010155935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Health Research BC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HD31921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HD31921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AG071448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG071448"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG071450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG071450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growing evidence suggests that the use of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) during adolescence may be linked to an increased risk for depression. This review examines major inconsistencies that have been reported regarding this relationship, and in particular, how the common practice of combining \u2018never users\u2019 and \u2018former users\u2019 of HCs in analyses obscures patterns that are detectable when these groups are analyzed separately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review was conducted of research examining the relationship between HC use and depression to determine what data\u2010analytic choices were commonly made by individual researchers. Specifically, we assessed whether the past history of HC use had been accounted for in each reported analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of papers published between 2013 and 2022 did not account for the former use of HCs. These papers reported mixed findings regarding the relationship between HC use and depression. In contrast, the subset of papers that did account for former use of HCs, or otherwise explicitly addressed common biases affecting the interpretation of observational data, revealed a more consistent relationship between HC use and depression, particularly for those who began using HCs during adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that there is consistent evidence of a relationship between adolescent HC use and long\u2010term risk for depression and offer several recommendations to help ensure that future work in this area will yield consistent, interpretable findings. Although this paper focuses primarily on HCs and depression, many of the analytical approaches and recommendations outlined within it are also relevant to research on the side effects of other drugs and medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T01:00:17Z","timestamp":1750381217000},"page":"1889-1903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Research Review: Are sampling biases masking long\u2010term effects of hormonal contraceptive use in adolescence on risk for depression?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Frances S.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bita","family":"Zareian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa A.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"City University in Canada  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Anderl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge Media Research Center  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S371203"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1308_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13476"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13115"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.12.1779"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","first-page":"449","article-title":"Maturation of the adolescent brain","volume":"9","author":"Arain M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180601012311"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13669-017-0205-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.835857"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-014-0453-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","unstructured":"Covidence. (2023).Covidence systematic review software[Computer Software]. Veritas Health Innovation. Melbourne Australia.https:\/\/www.covidence.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2838"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2019.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.799470"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350500497983"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2016.1234598"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00170-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64528-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0298"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702616647924"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"The effect of the copper intrauterine device (cu\u2010IUD) and the injectable depo\u2010medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use on women's sexual satisfaction and depression","volume":"7","author":"Hagh Mohammadi\u2010Pasand S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nursing Practice Today"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2022.101040"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz115"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318291c235"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johansson T. Karlsson T. Lidegaard \u00d8. &Johansson \u00c5.(2024).Contemporary hormonal contraception and risk of depression \u2013 A Swedish nationwide register\u2010based emulated target trial. Available at SSRN 4709955.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4709955","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4709955"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796023000525"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-2476"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt188"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.20.0106"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2013.821107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1095-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","volume-title":"Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales","author":"Lovibond S.H.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17028"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2022.105229"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2017.1306850"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105390"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2011.02125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2513"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.100799"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","unstructured":"Ramasawmy S.(2015).Validation of the \u201cFrench Depression Anxiety Stress Scales\u201d (DASS\u201021) and predictors of depression in an adolescent Mauritian population[Doctoral dissertation Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9]."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70120-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104544"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104783"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0912-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13594"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100813"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17060616"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2387"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-018-0683-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15091966"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616658637"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2023.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2016.77.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2020.100856"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der269"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_70_1","unstructured":"United Nations. (2019).Contraceptive use by method 2019: Data booklet. United Nations. 10.18356\/1bd58a10\u2010en."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.5.1401"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2017).Depression and other common mental disorders: Global health estimates(No. 2017.2).http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/254610\/WHO\u2010MSD\u2010MER\u20102017.2\u2010eng.pdf?sequence=1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.02.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049553"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.6185"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.14180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T16:54:30Z","timestamp":1763484870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jcpp.14180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jcpp.14180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.14180","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}