{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T18:19:08Z","timestamp":1778696348633,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FR\u20102069\/8\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FR\u20102069\/8\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FR\u20102069\/8\u20102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FR\u20102069\/8\u20102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Restricted and repetitive behaviour (RRB) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be assessed by different measures, which diverge in item quantity, dimensionality or source of information. However, change sensitivity has not been systematically investigated among commonly used measures, albeit its importance for clinical trials and longitudinal studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal data resulting from behavioural observation (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule\u20102, ADOS\u20102; Brief Observation of Social Communication Change, BOSCC) and parent report (Restricted Behaviour Scale\u2010Revised, RBS\u2010R) was collected for 134 toddlers and preschoolers aged 25\u201365\u2009months diagnosed with ASD by the Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2010Revised (ADI\u2010R) and ADOS\u20102. Change sensitivity was estimated using the reliable\u2010change index and developmental trajectories of RRB by linear mixed models and k\u2010means clustering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RBS\u2010R identified significantly more reliable change in RRB severity compared to ADOS\u20102 and BOSCC. For all measures, except the RBS\u2010R self\u2010injurious behaviour subscale, three distinct RRB trajectories were found as follows: increasing, stable and decreasing RRB severity. Overlap was low between trajectory group assignment across measures, as were cross\u2010sectional correlations between ADI\u2010R, ADOS\u20102, BOSCC and RBS\u2010R. Trajectory group comparisons among measures mostly showed lower baseline RRB severity in the increasing trajectory groups and higher baseline RRB severity in the decreasing trajectory groups. The trajectory groups did not differ in age or nonverbal IQ across RRB measures, except for the RBS\u2010R compulsive behaviour subscale, which had higher nonverbal IQ in the decreasing trajectory group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dimensional questionnaire RBS\u2010R compared to ADOS\u20102 and BOSCC is superior in capturing subtle changes in RRB during preschool age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T14:28:58Z","timestamp":1752071338000},"page":"1736-1747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Capturing change in restricted and repetitive behaviour in preschoolers with\n                    <scp>ASD<\/scp>\n                    : A comparison of direct behavioural observation and parent report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9221-162X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naisan","family":"Raji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University Hospital Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"Kitzerow\u2010Cleven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University Hospital Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University Hospital Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solvejg K.","family":"Kleber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University Hospital Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University Hospital Wuerzburg  Wuerzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Polzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University Hospital Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lemler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University Hospital Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Taurines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University Hospital Wuerzburg  Wuerzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Gei\u00dfler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University Hospital Wuerzburg  Wuerzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Fr\u00f6hlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and 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