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However, our understanding of the potential mechanisms and temporal dynamics underlying their co\u2010development remains elusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population\u2010based cohort study examined bidirectional longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and cardio\u2010metabolic risk factors from age 10 to 25\u2009years, using prospective data from the ALSPAC Study. Participants with at least one (of six) follow\u2010up measurement for each outcome were included in the analyses. We measured depressive symptoms through self\u2010 as well as parent\u2010reports, and assessed several cardio\u2010metabolic risk factors (including adiposity measures, lipid profiles, and inflammation).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among our 7,970 (47% male, 96% White) participants, we found bidirectional, within\u2010person associations between self\u2010reported depressive symptoms and adiposity (i.e., fat\/lean mass index, but not body mass index), across the study period. Adiposity was more stable over time (\u03b2 [range]\u2009=\u20090.75 [0.54; 0.84]), compared to depressive symptoms (0.26 [0.12; 0.38]), and it had a stronger prospective (i.e., cross\u2010lagged) association with future depressive symptoms (0.07 [0.03, 0.13]) compared to that between depressive symptoms and future adiposity (0.04 [0.03, 0.06]). The magnitude of these associations reached its peak between 14 and 16\u2009years. We did not find evidence of cross\u2010lagged associations in either direction between depressive symptoms and waist circumference, insulin, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, or C\u2010reactive protein.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and cardio\u2010metabolic risk factors, particularly adiposity (i.e., fat\/lean mass). Adiposity showed a stronger prospective association with future depressive symptoms than vice versa; however, their relationship revealed more reciprocal than previously thought.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T10:09:10Z","timestamp":1760695750000},"page":"413-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal co\u2010development of mental and cardio\u2010metabolic health from childhood to young adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3344-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Defina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2389-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte A.M.","family":"Cecil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janine F.","family":"Felix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Bath  Bath UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4395-1397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Tiemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, T.H. 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