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This study was designed to tackle both major limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a sample of 323 criminal justice\u2010involved male adolescents (ages 16\u201317\u2009years), diagnostic interviews were used to differentiate between males who meet criteria for both CD and the DSM\u20105 specifier (CD\u2009+\u2009LPE) and males who only meet criteria for CD (CD Only). Individual and environmental characteristics were measured by means of questionnaires and computerized tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CD\u2009+\u2009LPE (vs. CD Only) group exhibited higher levels of aggression, delay discounting, and boldness, was more likely to be expelled from school, and had significantly more delinquent friends. Levels of treatment engagement and empathy also were lower in the CD\u2009+\u2009LPE group. The DSM\u20105 LPE specifier significantly added to the prediction of various of these characteristics beyond indices of CD severity (i.e., total number of CD symptoms and childhood\u2010onset CD) and features of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. However, no significant group differences emerged for other characteristics (e.g., emotion recognition accuracy, anxiety, sensation seeking, response inhibition, and warm parenting).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings provide important and novel evidence to support the utility of the DSM\u20105 LPE specifier for CD. Some findings were unexpected, though, underscoring the need to replicate and extend the current results when testing the viability of this specifier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:03:27Z","timestamp":1768467807000},"page":"1062-1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Conduct disorder with limited prosocial emotions: a multimethod study in criminal justice\u2010involved boys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9532-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier F.","family":"Colins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Needs Education Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9839-7891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Cassart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Needs Education Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7929-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmely","family":"Delamillieure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Needs Education Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3484-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kostas A.","family":"Fanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melina Nicole","family":"Kyranides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sikki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Petridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Limassol  Limassol Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul H.F.","family":"Meens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Te Whatu Ora Hauora a Toi Bay of Plenty  Tauranga New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school\u2013age forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach T.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-018-9659-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Psychopaths: Current international perspectives","author":"Andershed H.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721002282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-022-00974-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3577"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15412040241258774"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02582-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14623.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-023-01052-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2016.1253016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0869-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-020-09799-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36850\/mr1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-023-00466-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0095-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-013-9958-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0822-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Frick P.J.(2013).Clinical Assessment of Prosocial Emotions (CAPE). 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