{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T08:57:15Z","timestamp":1791449835556,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While previous literature has established a link between psychopathology symptom trajectories and psychosocial risk, most studies have not extended into adulthood or incorporated comprehensive risk measures. We aimed to identify symptom trajectories for externalizing and internalizing symptoms over a 25\u2010year span and predict them using machine learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used data from a longitudinal birth cohort study (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009317, 171 females). Psychopathology symptoms were measured between age 8 and 33. Symptom trajectories were identified using growth mixture models. An extensive battery of risk and protective measures over the lifespan (e.g., polygenic scores, psychosocial risk factors, temperament) was used to train machine learning\u2010based classification models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified three trajectories for both externalizing and internalizing symptoms (entropy &gt;\u20090.8, likelihood ratio test\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05): Low, increasing (late\u2010adolescent emergence), and decreasing (childhood\u2010limited) symptoms classes. Both genetic (e.g., polygenic scores for cognition and mental disorders) and environmental factors (e.g., adverse family characteristics, poor social functioning) predicted symptom trajectories. For externalizing symptoms trajectories, random forest achieved fair discriminatory power with a multiclass macro\u2010average AUC of 0.77 and a multiclass micro\u2010average of 0.88. For internalizing symptoms trajectories, logistic regression achieved modest discriminatory power with a multiclass macro\u2010average AUC of 0.75 and a multiclass micro\u2010average of 0.83.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychopathology risk trajectories vary across development and are influenced by diverse risk factors. Understanding these risk factors can support early identification of at\u2010risk individuals and inform targeted prevention and intervention efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.70180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:50:43Z","timestamp":1781524243000},"page":"1855-1867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predicting psychopathology symptom trajectories using machine learning: a 33\u2010year prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Seda","family":"Sacu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Streit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm  Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie H.","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm  Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Banaschewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie E.","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim\u2010Heidelberg\u2010Ulm  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Schultebraucks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Integrative guide for the 1991 CBCL\/4\u201318, YSR, and TRF profiles","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Manual for the young adult self\u2010report and yound adult behavior checklist","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-019-0291-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA adult forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach 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