{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:05:36Z","timestamp":1790960736014,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental dyslexia (DD) are two prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) that frequently co\u2010occur, resulting in comorbidity (COM), which is associated with significant cognitive and behavioral difficulties. These disorders are characterized by considerable clinical and neurobiological heterogeneity. The functional connectivity (FC) patterns within each disorder may consist of both individual\u2010shared and individual\u2010specific components. Disentangling these patterns may provide more in\u2010depth insights into the neural mechanisms underlying these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the common orthogonal basis extraction (COBE) method was applied to the resting state electroencephalography (EEG) FC data from children with ADHD, DD, COM, and age\u2010matched typical development (TD) controls, aiming to separate individual\u2010shared and individual\u2010specific FC patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individual\u2010specific FC could significantly predict clinical symptoms in ADHD, DD, and COM, with distinct predictive connectivity patterns across different groups. The predictive features in ADHD were primarily located in the left central and parietal regions. In DD, they involved the left temporal lobe, left parietal lobe, and right central region. In COM, they involved the left frontal lobe and the right parietal lobe. At the group level, compared with TD, individual\u2010shared FC showed significantly enhanced posterior FC in all clinical groups. The differences in shared FC among the three clinical groups further allowed for the classification of ADHD, DD, and COM with an accuracy of 73.55%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By disentangling the shared and individualized components of EEG FC, this study provides novel insights into the neural organization of ADHD, DD, and their COM. The results suggest that individual\u2010specific FC is more strongly associated with clinical symptoms, whereas shared FC captures group\u2010level connectivity alterations and differences among clinical groups. This framework may present a promising approach for investigating biological heterogeneity in NDDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.70198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:55:51Z","timestamp":1782392151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Individualized\n                    <scp>EEG<\/scp>\n                    functional connectivity predicts clinical symptoms in\n                    <scp>ADHD<\/scp>\n                    , dyslexia, and their comorbidity"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6002-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunli","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences Sichuan Normal University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dezhong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Research Unit of NeuroInformation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fali","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Research Unit of NeuroInformation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5277-9058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Sixth Hospital\/Institute of Mental Health  Beijing China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6198-8195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Research Unit of NeuroInformation Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuju","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Sixth Hospital\/Institute of Mental Health  Beijing China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM\u20105","author":"American Psychiatric 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