{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T06:08:03Z","timestamp":1788761283221,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007606","name":"Aarhus Universitetshospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004836","name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2096\u201000065B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2096\u201000065B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6152\u201000002B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6152\u201000002B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005275","name":"Region Hovedstaden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Widespread neurocognitive impairments exist in children at familial high\u2010risk of schizophrenia (FHR\u2010SZ), whereas evidence is mixed in children at FHR of bipolar disorder (FHR\u2010BP). Neurocognitive heterogeneity is well\u2010established, but associations with longitudinal clinical and functional outcomes remain unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In this prospective cohort study, 274 children (FHR\u2010SZ,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009170, FHR\u2010BP,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009104, 46.7% female, mean age 12.0\u2009years,\n SD<\/jats:italic>\n 0.25) provided neurocognitive data at baseline and clinical data at 4\u2010year follow\u2010up. The assessed neurocognitive functions included intelligence, processing speed, attention, memory, and executive functions. Axis I mental disorders, psychotic experiences, and functioning were ascertained through child and caregiver interviews. Dimensional psychopathology was reported by the caregiver. Three baseline neurocognitive subgroups (mildly impaired, typical, and above\u2010average) derived from hierarchical cluster analysis across FHR\u2010groups constituted categorical predictors with clinical and functional measures at follow\u2010up as outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared with children in the typical subgroup and after accounting for sex, outcome of interest and Any Axis I disorder at baseline, and FHR\u2010group, children in the mildly impaired subgroup at baseline had a threefold increased risk of any externalizing mental disorder (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3\u20136.5,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.007) and a twofold increased risk of psychotic experiences (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0\u20133.8,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.04) during middle childhood. Additionally, they had significantly higher dimensional symptom severity (Cohen's\n d<\/jats:italic>\n range 0.27\u20130.43,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05) and poorer global functioning (Cohen's\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.48,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) at follow\u2010up. Neurocognitive subgroup membership was non\u2010differentially associated with clinical and functional outcomes across FHR\u2010groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n A significantly impaired neurocognitive profile in early childhood confers risk for\u00a0detrimental clinical and functional outcomes in middle childhood\u00a0beyond that which can be attributed to pre\u2010existing clinical and functional states and constitutes a cross\u2010diagnostic, neurodevelopmental risk marker in these FHR\u2010groups. Early neurocognitive profiling is warranted, and future studies should investigate long\u2010term associations with mental disorders.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.70224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T05:28:44Z","timestamp":1788758924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurocognitive profiles in early childhood in relation to clinical and functional outcomes in middle childhood in offspring at familial high\u2010risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: The Danish High\u2010Risk and Resilience Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1339-9981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoline","family":"Hemager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5849-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens Richardt M\u00f8llegaard","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1369-6639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aja Neergaard","family":"Greve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Psychosis Research Unit Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5235-2345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotte","family":"Veddum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Psychosis Research Unit Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5636-3869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"S\u00f8ndergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1352-0649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette Falkenberg","family":"Krantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5660-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole","family":"Mors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Psychosis Research Unit Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2653-1849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Amalie Elgaard","family":"Thorup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4895-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merete","family":"Nordentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6510-1449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Gregersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Copenhagen University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA School\u2010age Forms & Profiles","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2012.676309","article-title":"Neurocognition in youth and young adults under age 30 at familial risk for schizophrenia: A quantitative and qualitative review","volume":"18","author":"Agnew\u2010Blais J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2007.08.001","article-title":"The relationship of intelligence to executive function and non\u2010executive function measures in a sample of average, above average, and gifted youth","volume":"22","author":"Arffa S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-010-0151-5","article-title":"Neurocognitive and neuroimaging predictors of clinical outcome in bipolar disorder","volume":"12","author":"Bearden C.E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13682","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of age of onset and cumulative incidence of mental disorders: A Danish register study","volume":"149","author":"Beck C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.05.014","article-title":"Clinical and neurocognitive predictors of functional outcome in bipolar euthymic patients: A long\u2010term, follow\u2010up study","volume":"121","author":"Bonnin C.M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.09.007","article-title":"Developmental trajectory of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: Comparison with schizophrenia","volume":"25","author":"Bora E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.06.003","article-title":"A comparative meta\u2010analysis of neurocognition in first\u2010degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"45","author":"Bora E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.07.015","article-title":"Neurocognitive heterogeneity in young offspring of patients with bipolar disorder: The effect of putative clinical stages","volume":"257","author":"Bora E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12261","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in youth with familial and clinical high risk to psychosis: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"130","author":"Bora E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.02.483","article-title":"A meta\u2010analysis of neurocognition in youth with familial high risk for bipolar disorder","volume":"44","author":"Bora E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu198","article-title":"Meta\u2010analysis of cognitive impairment in first\u2010episode bipolar disorder: Comparison with first\u2010episode schizophrenia and healthy controls","volume":"41","author":"Bora E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2022.12.005","article-title":"Clinical and developmental characteristics of cognitive subgroups in a transdiagnostic sample of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and bipolar disorder","volume":"68","author":"Bora E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.009","article-title":"Cognitive endophenotypes of bipolar disorder: A meta\u2010analysis of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic patients and their first\u2010degree relatives","volume":"113","author":"Bora E.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp093","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in affective psychoses: A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"36","author":"Bora E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6635","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722004020","article-title":"Associations between exposure to early childhood adversities and middle childhood psychotic experiences in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and population\u2010based controls: The Danish high risk and resilience study \u2010 VIA 7 and VIA 11","volume":"53","author":"Brandt J.M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000439","article-title":"Empirical evidence for discrete neurocognitive subgroups in bipolar disorder: Clinical implications","volume":"44","author":"Burdick K.E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00402-3","article-title":"Impaired motor development in children with familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and the association with psychotic experiences: A 4\u2010year Danish observational follow\u2010up study","volume":"10","author":"Burton B.K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.5.449","article-title":"Evidence for early\u2010childhood, pan\u2010developmental impairment specific to schizophreniform disorder: Results from a longitudinal birth cohort","volume":"59","author":"Cannon M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.09.006","article-title":"Characterising the structure of cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"107","author":"Carruthers S.P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.073429","article-title":"The Kraepelinian dichotomy \u2010 going, going\u2026 But still not gone","volume":"196","author":"Craddock N.","year":"2010","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"Delis\u2010Kaplan executive function system","author":"Delis D.C.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp022","article-title":"Evidence that onset of clinical psychosis is an outcome of progressively more persistent subclinical psychotic experiences: An 8\u2010year cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Dominguez M.D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.9.1416","article-title":"Attention, memory, and motor skills as childhood predictors of schizophrenia\u2010related psychoses: The New York High\u2010Risk Project","volume":"157","author":"Erlenmeyer\u2010Kimling L.","year":"2000","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470977811","volume-title":"Cluster analysis","author":"Everitt B.S.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.07.001","article-title":"The relationship between neurocognition and social cognition with functional outcomes in schizophrenia: A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"35","author":"Fett A.K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1592","article-title":"Cognitive functioning in prodromal psychosis: A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"69","author":"Fusar\u2010Poli P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbad052","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and non\u2010suicidal self\u2010injury following early childhood psychotic experiences in preadolescent children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder\u2010the Danish high risk and resilience study, VIA 11","volume":"49","author":"Gregersen M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.21101076","article-title":"Developmental pathways and clinical outcomes of early childhood psychotic experiences in preadolescent children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study \u2013 the Danish high risk and resilience study, VIA 11","volume":"179","author":"Gregersen M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac060","article-title":"Jumping to conclusions and its associations with psychotic experiences in preadolescent children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder\u2010the Danish high risk and resilience study, VIA 11","volume":"48","author":"Gregersen M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf164","article-title":"Clinical significance of psychotic experiences in preadolescent children with non\u2010psychotic mental disorders\u2010the Danish high risk and resilience study, VIA 11","volume":"52","author":"Gregersen M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13548","article-title":"Mental disorders in preadolescent children at familial high\u2010risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder \u2013 a four\u2010year follow\u2010up study: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, VIA 11","volume":"63","author":"Gregersen M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000485","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent psychotic experiences and risk of mental disorder: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"49","author":"Healy C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.096","article-title":"Neurocognitive heterogeneity in 7\u2010year\u2010old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: The Danish high risk and resilience study \u2013 VIA 7","volume":"302","author":"Hemager N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.1415","article-title":"Assessment of neurocognitive functions in 7\u2010year\u2010old children at familial high risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: The Danish high risk and resilience study VIA 7","volume":"75","author":"Hemager N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","volume-title":"IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 25.0","author":"IBMCorp","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.4.298","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of self\u2010reported psychotic symptoms in the British population","volume":"185","author":"Johns L.C.","year":"2004","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01373-x","article-title":"Persistent and distressing psychotic\u2010like experiences using adolescent brain cognitive development\u2120 study data","volume":"27","author":"Karcher N.R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","first-page":"980","article-title":"Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school\u2010age children\u2010present and lifetime version (K\u2010SADS\u2010PL): Initial reliability and validity data","volume":"36","author":"Kaufman J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721001495","article-title":"A neural efficiency\u2010threshold model to understand psychotic experiences","volume":"51","author":"Kelleher I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.101543","article-title":"Clinicopathological significance of psychotic experiences in non\u2010psychotic young people: Evidence from four population\u2010based studies","volume":"201","author":"Kelleher I.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2012.682363","article-title":"Neurocognitive performance of a community\u2010based sample of young people at putative ultra high risk for psychosis: Support for the processing speed hypothesis","volume":"18","author":"Kelleher I.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13081075","article-title":"Cognitive training in mental disorders: Update and future directions","volume":"171","author":"Keshavan M.S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac134","article-title":"Neurocognitive subgroups in children at familial high\u2010risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: Subgroup membership stability or change from age 7 to 11\u2010the Danish high risk and resilience study","volume":"49","author":"Knudsen C.B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac198","article-title":"Early childhood neurocognition in relation to middle childhood psychotic experiences in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and population\u2010based controls: The Danish high risk and resilience study","volume":"49","author":"Knudsen C.B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116168","article-title":"Cognitive profiles across the psychosis continuum","volume":"342","author":"Kristensen T.D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000774","article-title":"Cognitive variability in psychotic disorders: A cross\u2010diagnostic cluster analysis","volume":"44","author":"Lewandowski K.E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014708","article-title":"Neurocognition in first\u2010episode schizophrenia: A meta\u2010analytic review","volume":"23","author":"Mesholam\u2010Gately R.I.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","volume-title":"Rey complex figure test and recognition trial","author":"Meyers J.E.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.05.025","article-title":"Neurocognitive subgroups among newly diagnosed patients with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorders: A hierarchical cluster analysis","volume":"163","author":"Miskowiak K.W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810395825","article-title":"The Danish psychiatric central research register","volume":"39","author":"Mors O.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.04.001","article-title":"Intelligence and neural efficiency","volume":"33","author":"Neubauer A.C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbae197","article-title":"Psychotic experiences and risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of longitudinal population studies","volume":"52","author":"O'Hare K.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","first-page":"441","article-title":"The Danish civil registration system. A cohort of eight million persons","volume":"53","author":"Pedersen C.B.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Danish Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","first-page":"766","article-title":"Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis: Neurocognitive alterations in offspring of individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared to offspring of unaffected parents","volume":"65","author":"Pedruzo B.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2025.102688","article-title":"Intellectual achievement and cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with ADHD\u2010affected siblings: A systematic literature review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"123","author":"Ramos A.A.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09040574","article-title":"Static and dynamic cognitive deficits in childhood preceding adult schizophrenia: A 30\u2010year study","volume":"167","author":"Reichenberg A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.5.833","article-title":"Neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia: Integration of performance\u2010based and brain imaging findings","volume":"133","author":"Reichenberg A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","volume-title":"Reynolds intellectual assessment scales (RIAS)","author":"Reynolds C.R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","volume-title":"Test of memory and learning \u2010 second edition (TOMAL\u20102)","author":"Reynolds C.R.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19070724","article-title":"Mental health service use and psychopharmacological treatment following psychotic experiences in preadolescence","volume":"177","author":"Rimvall M.K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2015.09.002","article-title":"Intelligence and school grades: A meta\u2010analysis","volume":"53","author":"Roth B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171700143X","article-title":"Neurocognitive subtypes in patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected siblings","volume":"47","author":"Russo M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Computerized assessment in neuropsychiatry using CANTAB: Discussion paper","volume":"85","author":"Sahakian B.J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2479","article-title":"Association of Neurocognition with Transition to psychosis: Baseline functioning in the second phase of the north American prodrome longitudinal study","volume":"73","author":"Seidman L.J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010","article-title":"A children's global assessment scale (CGAS)","volume":"40","author":"Shaffer D.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.113","article-title":"Association of premorbid intelligence with level of functioning and illness severity in bipolar disorder","volume":"324","author":"Smedler E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7","article-title":"Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: Large\u2010scale meta\u2010analysis of 192 epidemiological studies","volume":"27","author":"Solmi M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.02.020","article-title":"Associations between sleep problems, psychotic experiences and mental disorders in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and population\u2010based controls \u2010 the Danish high risk and resilience study","volume":"291","author":"Sondergaard A.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.090","article-title":"Cognitive heterogeneity in the offspring of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A cluster analysis across family risk","volume":"282","author":"Valli I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000307","article-title":"Characterizing cognitive heterogeneity on the schizophrenia\u2010bipolar disorder spectrum","volume":"47","author":"Van Rheenen T.E.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617720000442","article-title":"Cognitive heterogeneity across schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A cluster analysis of intellectual trajectories","volume":"26","author":"Vaskinn A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.07.038","article-title":"Neurocognitive profiles in the prodrome to psychosis in NAPLS\u20101","volume":"204","author":"Velthorst E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","volume-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children \u2013 fourth edition (WISC\u2010IV)","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.70224","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jcpp.70224","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpp.70224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T05:28:54Z","timestamp":1788758934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jcpp.70224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jcpp.70224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.70224","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9630","1469-7610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9630","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jcpp.70224"}}