{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T09:05:54Z","timestamp":1789203954660,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite growing recognition of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), the developmental mechanisms linking early adversity to CDS symptoms remain largely unknown. This study addresses this gap by examining whether executive function (EF) serves as a cognitive mechanism linking cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to later CDS symptoms and whether this mediational chain differs by adolescent sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were drawn from the prospective longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study\u00ae. The final analytic sample included 4,678 adolescents (52.5% male) identifying primarily as White (72.5%), Hispanic\/Latino (13.6%), and Black (13.1%). A moderated mediation model was tested using cumulative ACEs score (ages 9\u201311) as the predictor, EF deficits (ages 12\u201313) as the mediator, CDS symptoms (ages 13\u201314) as the outcome, and adolescent sex as moderator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results indicate cumulative ACEs predict later CDS symptoms above and beyond baseline levels. EF deficits partially mediated the ACEs\u2013CDS link (accounting for 30% of the effect). Notably, adolescent sex moderated the EF\u2013CDS pathway; while adversity impacted EF similarly across sexes, the association between EF deficits and CDS symptoms was significantly stronger for female adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide the first prospective evidence that early adversity accelerates CDS development via disruptions in executive functioning. The results support a developmental psychopathology model of CDS and identify EF as a potentially modifiable intervention target, particularly for female adolescents exposed to early adversity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.70230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:22:12Z","timestamp":1789201332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early adversity, executive function, and the development of cognitive disengagement syndrome: a sex\u2010specific mediating pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6871-6409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahsa P.","family":"Yousefkhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Science Syracuse University  Syracuse NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Antshel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Syracuse University  Syracuse NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sahandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Scholar  Syracuse NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Vasilenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Science Syracuse University  Syracuse NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Achenbach T.M. &Rescorla L.A.(2001).Child behavior checklist for ages 6\u201318 [Dataset].","DOI":"10.1037\/t47452-000"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S186","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2025.448","article-title":"Impact of ADHD subtypes, cognitive disengagement syndrome and anxiety on memory functions and visuospatial skills in children with ADHD","volume":"68","author":"Adak I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702616643008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054713495442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21683603.2025.2473897"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale\u2014Children and adolescents (BDEFS\u2010CA)","author":"Barkley R.A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023961"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.734259"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/adhd.2022.30.2.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Barta J.(2018).The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and executive functions in high school aged students. 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