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Emotional and behavioural problems were assessed by self\u2010 and maternal reports, and long\u2010term vulnerability by maternal report of prior child adjustment, and maternal prenatal depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The young adolescents reported a 44% (95% confidence interval [CI: 23%\u201365%]) increase in symptoms of depression and 26% (95% CI [12%\u201340%]) for post\u2010traumatic stress disorder, with corresponding maternal reports of child symptoms of 71% (95% CI [44%\u201399%]) and 43% (95% CI 29%\u201386%). Disruptive behaviour problem symptoms increased by 76% (95% CI [43%\u2013109%]) particularly in children without previous externalising symptoms. Both female gender and having had high internalising symptoms earlier in childhood were associated with elevated rates of depression pre\u2010pandemic, and with greater absolute increases during COVID\u201019. Mothers' own depression symptoms increased by 42% (95% CI [20%\u201365%]), and this change was greater among mothers who had prenatal depression. No change in anxiety was observed among children or mothers. None of these increases were moderated by COVID\u201019\u2010related experiences such as frontline worker status of a parent. Prior to the pandemic, rates of maternal and child depression were greater in families experiencing higher deprivation, but changed only in less deprived families, raising their rates to those of the high deprivation group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 has led to a marked increase in mental health problems in young adolescents and their mothers with concomitant requirements for mental health services to have the resources to adapt to meet the level and nature of the needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcv2.12008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T06:39:29Z","timestamp":1621319969000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Interplay between long\u2010term vulnerability and new risk: Young adolescent and maternal mental health immediately before and during the COVID\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3285-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics &amp; Health Informatics Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences University of Reading  Reading Berkshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Human Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool Merseyside UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Pickles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics &amp; Health Informatics Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school\u2010age forms & profiles: An integrated system of multi\u2010informant assessment","author":"Achenbach T. 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