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As <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 is cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 yielding a half\u2010life of less than 2\u00a0min, it is plausible that the gut\u2010derived <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, released postprandially, exerts its effects on the brain mainly by interacting with vagal afferent neurons located at the intestinal or hepatic portal area. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 neurons in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTS<\/jats:styled-content> widely project in the central nervous system and act as a neurotransmitter. One of the physiological roles of brain\u2010derived <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 is restriction of feeding. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 receptor agonists have recently been used to treat type\u00a02 diabetic patients, and have been shown to exhibit pleiotropic effects beyond incretin action, which involve brain functions. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 receptor agonist administered in the periphery is stable because of its resistance to dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104, and is highly likely to act on the brain by passing through the blood\u2013brain barrier (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBB<\/jats:styled-content>), as well as interacting with vagal afferent nerves. Central actions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 have various roles including regulation of feeding, weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular functions, cognitive functions, and stress and emotional responses. In the present review, we focus on the source of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and the pathway by which peripheral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 informs the brain, and then discuss recent findings on the central effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 receptor agonists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,2]],"date-time":"2016-04-02T17:07:31Z","timestamp":1459616851000},"page":"64-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Neural effects of gut\u2010 and brain\u2010derived glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 and its receptor agonist"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Katsurada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Integrative Physiology Department of Physiology Jichi Medical University School of Medicine Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Jichi Medical University School of Medicine Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Yada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Integrative Physiology Department of Physiology Jichi Medical University School of Medicine Shimotsuke Tochigi 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