{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:41:04Z","timestamp":1773286864828,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,7]],"date-time":"2017-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fast\u2010acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) is insulin aspart (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>sp) in a new formulation with two added excipients (niacinamide and L\u2010arginine) in order to obtain accelerated absorption after subcutaneous dosing. The present study compared the pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic characteristics of faster aspart vs <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>sp in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a randomized, double\u2010blind, cross\u2010over design, 43 participants were given faster aspart and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>sp (0.2 U\/kg single dose) at two separate dosing visits. Frequent pharmacokinetic blood sampling was carried out, and pharmacodynamics were assessed using an automated euglycemic clamp lasting for a maximum of 12 h after dosing (target 5.5 mmol\/L).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Faster aspart showed onset of appearance approximately twice\u2010as\u2010fast vs <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>sp (least squares means: 3.0 vs 7.1 min; estimated treatment difference \u22124.1 min, 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22125.0, \u22123.2; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and onset of action occurring approximately 5 min earlier (20.2 vs 25.5 min; estimated treatment difference \u22125.3 min, 95% CI: \u22128.4, \u22122.2; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). Within the first 30 min post\u2010dose, both exposure (area under the curve [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>]<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sub>IA<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>sp,0\u201330 min<\/jats:sub>) and glucose\u2010lowering effect (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<jats:sub>GIR<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>,0\u201330 min<\/jats:sub>) were approximately twofold greater for faster aspart vs <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>sp (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002, respectively). Bioavailability of faster aspart was similar to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>sp (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<jats:sub>IA<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>sp,0\u2010t<\/jats:sub>; estimated treatment ratio 0.99, 90% CI: 0.96\u20131.02), whereas the total glucose\u2010lowering effect (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<jats:sub>GIR<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>,0\u2013t<\/jats:sub>) was slightly lower for faster aspart vs <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>sp (estimated treatment ratio 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87\u20130.99, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.020).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Faster aspart showed faster onset, higher early exposure and a greater early glucose\u2010lowering effect relative to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>sp in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, in accordance with previous findings in Caucasian type 1 diabetes patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,28]],"date-time":"2017-05-28T04:12:38Z","timestamp":1495944758000},"page":"303-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fast\u2010acting insulin aspart in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes: Faster onset, higher early exposure and greater early glucose\u2010lowering effect relative to insulin aspart"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5109-7936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanari","family":"Shiramoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SOUSEIKAI Hakata Clinic Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd. Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann Kathrine","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Haahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2015.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K07E-142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1264-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2012.01580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12501"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"A116","article-title":"Mechanistic analysis into the mode(s) of action of niacinamide in faster\u2010acting insulin aspart","volume":"18","author":"Buckley ST","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12468"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-016-0473-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0514-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S26889"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200847010-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(00)00151-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"World Medical Association.Declaration of Helsinki. 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