{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:14:19Z","timestamp":1792671259579,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81570746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81570746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81770812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81600647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81600647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims\/Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>deficiency can lead to male hypogonadism in diabetes mellitus, but the target organs and the mechanism driving the disorder are unclear. This experiment was designed to study the relationship between vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>deficiency and hypogonadism in diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rats with streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetes were randomly divided into four groups and treated with different doses of vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>: blank (no vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), low (0.025 \u03bcg\/kg\/day), high (0.1 \u03bcg\/kg\/day), high (0.1 \u03bcg\/kg\/day) and with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor gamma inhibitor 30 mg\/kg\/day). They were compared with wild\u2010type rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 12 weeks, the vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>supplements had partially restored testicular pathological changes, as shown by reduced testicular fibrosis related to downregulation transforming growth factor beta 1 and apoptosis related to downregulation of nuclear factor kappa B, but not the pituitary gland. The expression of peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor gamma, which can inhibit transforming growth factor beta 1 and nuclear factor kappa B, was significantly increased after treatment with vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that treatment with vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>can improve testicular function in diabetic rats through the peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor gamma\/transforming growth factor beta 1\/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T20:23:43Z","timestamp":1530217423000},"page":"261-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Vitamin D<sub>3<\/sub>supplementation improves testicular function in diabetic rats through peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010\u03b3\/transforming growth factor\u2010beta 1\/nuclear factor\u2010kappa B"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6552-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province 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