{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T07:20:18Z","timestamp":1776842418763,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]],"date-time":"2019-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016YFC0900500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0900500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016YFC0900501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0900501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016YFC0900504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0900504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust in the UK","award":["088158\/Z\/09\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["088158\/Z\/09\/Z"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust in the UK","award":["104085\/Z\/14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104085\/Z\/14\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims\/Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>An elevated heart rate has been reported to be associated with an increased incidence of type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus. We investigated whether heart rate\u00a0independently and interactively with body mass index or blood pressure was associated with the incidence of type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus in a rural Chinese population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured the association between heart rate and type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus in the Tongxiang China Kadoorie Biobank prospective cohort study using Cox proportional hazard models. Analyses included 53,817 participants without any history of diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular or rheumatic heart disease at baseline. Incident type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus cases were identified through linkage with established Disease Registries and the China National Health Insurance System.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After a mean follow\u2010up period of 6.9\u00a0years, 1,766 people had developed type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus with an incidence of 4.75 per 1,000 person\u2010years. Multivariable\u2010adjusted hazard ratios and for type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus across increasing quintiles of heart rate were 1.00 (reference), 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05\u20131.45), 1.21 (95% CI 1.03\u20131.41), 1.24 (95% CI 1.05\u20131.47) and 1.49 (95% CI 1.28\u20131.74), respectively, with a <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\u00a0&lt;0.001. This relationship was particularly evident among non\u2010overweight\/obese participants. A significant interaction between heart rate and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">body mass index<\/jats:styled-content> on incident type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus was observed with a <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for interaction\u00a0=\u00a00.005.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated heart rate is independently, in interaction with a higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">body mass index<\/jats:styled-content>, associated with a higher incidence of type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T08:01:51Z","timestamp":1545984111000},"page":"1068-1074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Independent and interactive associations of heart rate and body mass index or blood pressure with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus incidence: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3592-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieming","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Honghong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine Institute Louisiana Missouri 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