{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:41:06Z","timestamp":1782603666692,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011326","name":"Shiga University of Medical Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims\/Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preprandial metformin administration significantly reduces postprandial plasma triglyceride levels in animal studies by reducing intestinal absorption through delayed gastric emptying. However, this effect has not been shown in a clinical study. Therefore, we planned to investigate the efficacy of preprandial metformin administration on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and the related gastrointestinal effects in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 11 patients taking single\u2010dose metformin at 500\u20131,000\u00a0mg, with non\u2010fasting plasma triglyceride levels of 150\u20131,000\u00a0mg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dL,<\/jats:styled-content> were recruited at a single university hospital. The difference between preprandial and postprandial metformin administration on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia was examined by a meal test. The gastrointestinal effects of metformin, including stomach heaviness, heartburn and satiety, were also assessed using a visual analog scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean bodyweight of patients was 80.6\u00a0kg (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">body mass index<\/jats:styled-content> 27.9\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), and the mean non\u2010fasting plasma triglyceride level was 275.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a057.0\u00a0mg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dL<\/jats:styled-content>. The area under the curve of triglyceride during the meal test was significantly lower in the preprandial protocol than in the postprandial protocol (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Compared with postprandial administration, preprandial administration of metformin increased satiety (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.036) without stomach heaviness or heartburn.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preprandial metformin administration significantly reduced plasma triglyceride level during meal testing without marked exacerbation of gastrointestinal adverse effects. The present results suggest that a simple change in the timing of metformin administration represents a novel approach for enhancing triglyceride\u2010lowering strategies in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T11:28:56Z","timestamp":1548674936000},"page":"1284-1290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficacy of metformin on postprandial plasma triglyceride concentration by administration timing in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus: A randomized cross\u2010over pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1239-8947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shiga University of Medical Science Seta\u2010Otsu Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2420-3817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsutaro","family":"Morino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shiga University of Medical Science Seta\u2010Otsu Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiichiro","family":"Ogaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shiga University of Medical Science Seta\u2010Otsu Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shiga University of Medical Science Seta\u2010Otsu Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimihiro","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shiga University of Medical Science Seta\u2010Otsu Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Sekine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shiga University of Medical Science Seta\u2010Otsu Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Ugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shiga University of Medical Science Seta\u2010Otsu Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Maegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shiga University of Medical Science Seta\u2010Otsu Shiga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.3.335"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Lipid management in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Daniel MJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61177-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(87)90020-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.RV16003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.9.1401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508313330902"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.10.1093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.19.1.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.53.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0786-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1997.273.4.G920"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1764"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/304032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0381"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.3.489"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.07.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.11.7143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800101-1.00002-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-826173"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjdi.13016","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdi.13016","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jdi.13016","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdi.13016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T21:12:25Z","timestamp":1694293945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdi.13016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdi.13016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.13016","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-1116","2040-1124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-1116","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-1124","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}