{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:18:12Z","timestamp":1790115492397,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004054","name":"King Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\u2010140\u20101434\u2010HiCi"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\u2010140\u20101434\u2010HiCi"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims\/Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop a non\u2010invasive risk score to identify Saudis having prediabetes or undiagnosed type\u00a02 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult Saudis without diabetes were recruited randomly using a stratified two\u2010stage cluster sampling method. Demographic, dietary, lifestyle variables, personal and family medical history were collected using a questionnaire. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were taken. Body mass index was calculated. The 1\u2010h oral glucose tolerance test was carried out. Glycated hemoglobin, fasting and 1\u2010h plasma glucose were measured, and obtained values were used to define prediabetes and type\u00a02 diabetes (dysglycemia). Logistic regression models were used for assessing the association between various factors and dysglycemia, and Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow summary statistics were used to assess the goodness\u2010of\u2010fit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 791 men and 612 women were included, of whom 69 were found to have diabetes, and 259 had prediabetes. The prevalence of dysglycemia was 23%, increasing with age, reaching 71% in adults aged \u226565\u00a0years. In univariate analysis age, body mass index, waist circumference, use of antihypertensive medication, history of hyperglycemia, low physical activity, short sleep and family history of diabetes were statistically significant. The final model for the Saudi Diabetes Risk Score constituted sex, age, waist circumference, history of hyperglycemia and family history of diabetes, with the score ranging from 0 to 15. Its fit based on assessment using the receiver operating characteristic curve was good, with an area under the curve of 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.73\u20130.79). The proposed cut\u2010point for dysglycemia is 5 or 6, with sensitivity and specificity being approximately 0.7.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Saudi Diabetes Risk Score is a simple tool that can effectively distinguish Saudis at high risk of dysglycemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T05:20:07Z","timestamp":1579497607000},"page":"844-855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Dysglycemia risk score in Saudi Arabia: A tool to identify people at high future risk of developing type\u00a02 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6674-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suhad","family":"Bahijri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8921-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajaa","family":"Al\u2010Raddadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada","family":"Ajabnoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0767-9362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan","family":"Jambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition Faculty of Human Sciences and Design Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawaher","family":"Al Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Borai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC) College of Medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU\u2010HS) Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"No\u00ebl C","family":"Barengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Population Health Sciences Research Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Miami Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Riga Stradins University Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Tuomilehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Global report on diabetes.World Health Organization. 2016. 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