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This cohort study was conducted aiming to describe the characteristics, drug\u2010use condition, and long\u2010term outcomes of adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two thousand seven hundred fifty\u2010five newly diagnosed adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (using ICD\u20109\u2010CM: 250.x and having \u22653 clinic visits) were identified from the national health insurance dataset during 2000\u20132014. Treatments were classified into four groups: metformin, sulfonylurea (SU), metformin plus SU, and insulin with or without oral antidiabetic drugs. The multiple Cox regression model was used to compare the risks of mortality and hospitalization among these four groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean follow\u2010up period was 5.4\u2009years. After 1\u2009year of antidiabetic treatment, they gradually needed intensified therapy, and at 3\u2009years, half of them showed treatment failure. The mortality rate was 2.08 per 1,000 person\u2010years. Respiratory diseases (36.2%) and dysglycemia (16.4%) were the most common causes of hospitalization among these adolescents. Compared with persons taking metformin plus SU, metformin users were associated with a lower risk of all\u2010cause hospitalization [0.82 (0.67\u20130.99)]; insulin users were associated with a higher risk of dysglycemia [4.38 (2.14\u20138.96)], cancer [3.76 (1.39\u201310.1)], and respiratory hospitalization [1.66 (1.14\u20132.41)]; and SU users were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases [1.91 (1.13\u20133.23)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This nationwide cohort study demonstrated that adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus were prone to treatment failure. Furthermore, respiratory diseases and dysglycemia were the most common causes of hospitalization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T09:47:21Z","timestamp":1655804841000},"page":"1905-1913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical course of adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fu\u2010Shun","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Yen's Clinic  Taoyuan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Cheng\u2010Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Sin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes  Miaoli County Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Cheng","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes  Miaoli County Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Administration China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Min\u2010Sheng General Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research National Health Research Institutes  Miaoli County Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chii\u2010Min","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Section\u00a0of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30186-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Type 2 diabetes in Australia's children and young people: a working paper 2014. 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