{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:48:42Z","timestamp":1790437722443,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims\/Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to absolute insulin deficiency, dysregulated glucagon in type\u20091 diabetes is considered pathophysiologically important. Previously, we confirmed the presence of dysregulated glucagon in Japanese patients with type\u20091 diabetes, and found a significant correlation between plasma glucagon and blood urea nitrogen levels, suggesting an association between glucagon and amino acid metabolism. In this study, we evaluated plasma amino acid levels in Japanese patients with type\u20091 diabetes in the context of their functional relationship with glucagon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed plasma free amino acid levels using liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry in 77 Japanese patients with type\u20091 diabetes, and statistically analyzed their characteristics and relationships with clinical parameters, including glucagon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with type\u20091 diabetes showed a large decrease in glutamate levels together with a characteristic change in plasma free amino acid profiles. The network structural prediction analyses showed correlations between each amino acid and glucagon in type\u20091 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with type\u20091 diabetes showed characteristic changes in plasma glutamate levels and free amino acid profiles compared with controls and type\u20092 diabetes patients. Glucagon showed a closer correlation with amino acids than with parameters of glucose metabolism, suggesting that type\u20091 diabetes includes dysregulation in amino acids through dysregulated glucagon from remaining pancreatic \u03b1\u2010cells, together with that in glucose by insulin deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T13:50:14Z","timestamp":1664027414000},"page":"111-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Characteristic changes in plasma glutamate levels and free amino acid profiles in Japanese patients with type\u20091 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0149-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Kawamori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Medical Education Center, Faculty of Medicine Osaka University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Training Center, Osaka University Hospital Osaka University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Kageyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AminoIndex Department Ajinomoto Co. 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Kawasaki, Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Ishizaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services Mitsui Memorial Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigero","family":"Hosoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9020-8320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoto","family":"Katakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iichiro","family":"Shimomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(78)90291-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12862"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-017-0534-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12797"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13436"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.10.1290"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.25.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61055-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-8111.2012.00039.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2014.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.091843"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2010.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Session for clinical laboratory standards of JAMT; JAMT project fo the derivation of reference intervals in Japan","volume":"34","author":"Yamamoto Y","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anal Bio\u2010Sci (Seibutsu Shiryo Bunseki)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"162","article-title":"A report of small committee for draw\u2010up the guide\u2010line on determination of multiple health screening tests. 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