{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:55:47Z","timestamp":1783137347798,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82070854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims\/Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) represent the disparity between actual glycated hemoglobin measurements and predicted HbA1c. It serves as a proxy for the degree of non\u2010enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin, which has been found to be positively correlated with diabetic comorbidities. In this study, we investigated the relationship between HGI and non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), along with other relevant biological markers in patients with diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study consisted of 3,191 adults diagnosed with type\u20092 diabetes mellitus. We calculated the predicted glycated hemoglobin levels based on fasting blood glucose levels. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between the HGI and NAFLD. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed using ultrasonography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among all participants, 1,784 (55.91%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. Participants with confirmed NAFLD showed elevated body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, liver enzyme, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low\u2010density lipoprotein and uric acid levels compared with those without NAFLD. In the unadjusted model, participants in the last tertile of HGI were 1.40\u2010fold more likely to develop NAFLD than those in the first tertile (95% confidence interval 1.18\u20131.66; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the fully adjusted model, those in the last tertile of HGI had a 39% increased risk of liver steatosis compared with confidence interval in the first tertile of HGI (95% confidence interval 1.12\u20131.74; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A higher HGI suggests an elevated risk of developing NAFLD in patients with type\u20092 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T11:01:39Z","timestamp":1691492499000},"page":"1303-1311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association between hemoglobin glycation index and non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in the patients with type\u20092 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2843-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6521-186X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7568-3622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingqiu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25772"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.14.1688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-S062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329903600408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci15-0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01134-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108922"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90084-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in China (2020 edition)","volume":"37","author":"Diabetes branch of the Chinese Medical Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.992252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175547"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"2936","article-title":"Correlation of blood glucose, serum chemerin and insulin resistance with NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Zhang Z","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8748459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70032-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-005-0200-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208784139701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-015-0090-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-018-0288-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011775"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1876"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2014.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.12669"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.8.1367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.971864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i3.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1178-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","first-page":"2908","article-title":"Comorbidities and outcomes among females with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver\u00a0disease compared to males","volume":"10","author":"Abu\u2010Freha N","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdi.14066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T13:26:53Z","timestamp":1697635613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdi.14066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdi.14066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.14066","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-1116","2040-1124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-1116","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-1124","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}