{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:11:29Z","timestamp":1780567889048,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the reported success of low\u2010carbohydrate diets in improving glycemic control in the Western countries, no studies have investigated the effects of such diets in Asians. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of low\u2010carbohydrate diets on glycemic control in East Asian adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We systematically searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from inception to June 28, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of low\u2010carbohydrate diets in patients with type 2 diabetes (PROSPERO number CRD 42023453007). The primary outcome was the difference in glycated hemoglobin levels between the low\u2010carbohydrate diet and control groups. The secondary outcome was the difference in body mass index, fasting blood glucose level, blood pressure, and lipid profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six randomized controlled trials met the eligibility criteria. The study duration ranged from 3 to 18\u2009months, with five studies conducted within 6\u2009months. The results showed that low\u2010carbohydrate diets were more beneficial in lowering glycated hemoglobin levels and body mass index than control diets. The risk of bias for the six studies was minimal for two and moderate for four. The heterogeneity among the studies was low.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010carbohydrate diets improved glycated hemoglobin levels and body mass index in East Asians compared with control diets. Therefore, carbohydrate restriction may be effective for glycemic management in East Asians with type 2 diabetes for at least 6\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T12:40:52Z","timestamp":1727959252000},"page":"1753-1762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Low\u2010carbohydrate diets in East Asians with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2970-5333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junya","family":"Hironaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8651-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahide","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2545-5410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3209-1790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanako","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7269-1697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuro","family":"Okamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saori","family":"Majima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Senmaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1031-4380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emi","family":"Ushigome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erina","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Kyoto University Hospital  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Shide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Kyoto University Hospital  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiaki","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20102023. Available from:https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/46\/Supplement_1\/S68\/148055\/5\u2010Facilitating\u2010Positive\u2010Health\u2010Behaviors\u2010and\u2010WellAccessed September 6 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"On the Digestibility and Availability of Food Materials. Animal Report, 14","author":"Atwater WO","year":"1902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2016-000354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4743"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2007.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-020-00142-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-020-01568-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.042457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0352-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","article-title":"A comparative study evaluating the effectiveness between ketogenic and low\u2010carbohydrate diets on glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zaki HA","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.110207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Version 6.4","author":"Higgin JPT","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"148","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta\u2010analysis protocols (PRISMA\u2010P) 2015 statement","volume":"20","author":"Moher D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.779636"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060661"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Effect of low\u2010carbohydrate diet compared with calorie\u2010restricted diet on improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with type 2 diabetes","volume":"61","author":"Nishimori E","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Japan Diabetes Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.0861"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00088-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2263-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30135-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.0246"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdi.14326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T11:37:50Z","timestamp":1733312270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdi.14326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdi.14326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.14326","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-1116","2040-1124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-1116","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-1124","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}