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We aimed to elucidate the precise incidence, risk factors, and impact of ICI\u2010T1DM on survival outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study is a large retrospective cohort study, performed using the DeSC Japanese administrative claims database comprising 11 million patients. The database population is reportedly similar to the entire population of Japan. Patients administered ICI between 2014 and 2022 were enrolled in the study, including 21,121 patients. The risk factors for ICI\u2010T1DM development and their characteristics were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Development of a new irAE after the day following the first administration of ICI was set as the study outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ICI\u2010T1DM was observed in 102 (0.48%) of the 21,121 patients after ICI initiation. PD\u2010(L)1 and CTLA\u20104 combination therapy was associated with an increased risk of ICI\u2010T1DM compared with PD\u20101 monotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21\u20134.58; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). Patients with a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.03\u20132.46; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) or hypothyroidism (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.39\u20134.43; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) also exhibited an increased risk of ICI\u2010T1DM. The Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis revealed that patients with ICI\u2010T1DM showed higher survival rates than those without (log\u2010lank test, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that ICI\u2010T1DM development was associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37\u20130.99; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate the precise incidence and risk factors of ICI\u2010T1DM. The development of ICI\u2010T1DM, like other irAEs, is associated with higher survival rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T10:32:48Z","timestamp":1732185168000},"page":"334-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Immune checkpoint inhibitor\u2010related type 1 diabetes incidence, risk, and survival association"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fumika","family":"Kamitani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Nara Medical University  Kashihara Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1956-3925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichi","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy 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