{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T13:34:40Z","timestamp":1763559280046,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002753","name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assesses the accuracy of an ultra\u2010low\u2010cost insulin pump for regulating blood glucose, an essential component of the artificial pancreas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary objective is to assess the accuracy of blood glucose regulation using an ultra\u2010low\u2010cost insulin pump compared with insulin injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted using 14 male Wistar rats aged 14\u2009weeks, which were induced with diabetes through a streptozotocin procedure. The control group (seven subjects) was treated with subcutaneous insulin injections, and the study group (seven subjects) was treated with the experimental insulin pump.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings reveal that the ultra\u2010low\u2010cost insulin pump performs comparably to insulin injections for glycemia regulation using standard clinical insulin treatment. The blood glucose records obtained by CGM indicate that trends in both methods correspond, with a glycemia median absolute relative difference of 6.1748\u2009mg\/dL and an interquartile range of 14.57\u2009mg\/dL. The response time to reach glucose levels between 70 and 180\u2009mg\/dL was around 55\u2009min, testing different amounts of insulin units ranging from 0.09 to 2.06\u2009U. Also, four obstruction cases were detected by the system in an average time of 3\u2009s, showing compliance with the EN60601\u20102\u201024 standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments with diabetic rats and ultra\u2010low\u2010cost insulin pumps demonstrate that these prototypes can be used for glucose regulation in clinical trials while complying with the conditions of the EN60601\u20102\u201024 standard. Future work should focus on conducting insulin pump tests in a closed loop and a cybersecurity study to prevent any possible external attack.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T07:43:41Z","timestamp":1753256621000},"page":"1782-1793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study of insulin infusion in diabetic rats with an ultra\u2010low\u2010cost insulin pump for managing blood glucose levels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5636-487X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jhon E.","family":"Goez\u2010Mora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo GITA, Facultad de Minas Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-0319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Arbelaez\u2010C\u00f3rdoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo GENMOL, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1860-1176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norman","family":"Balcazar\u2010Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo GENMOL, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8392-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo S.","family":"Rivadeneira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo GITA, Facultad de Minas Universidad Nacional de Colombia  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2016.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation.IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition.2021www.diabetesatlas.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2018.2866392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2019.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ac6980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30167-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00823-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohx.2022.e00375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968221142316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MartinazzoA MartinsLEG AredesSV et\u00a0al.Risk management of a low\u2010cost insulin infusion pump: A case study with a Brazilian company. 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