{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:35:11Z","timestamp":1790868911701,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002671","name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IPSR\/RMC\/UTARRF\/2019\u2010C2\/K01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IPSR\/RMC\/UTARRF\/2019\u2010C2\/K01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypogonadism is common among male patients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be divided into hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (hyper\u2010H) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (hypo\u2010H). Hypo\u2010H is strongly linked to insulin resistance and visceral adiposity, while hyper\u2010H in type 2 diabetes mellitus males has not been extensively studied. We aimed to study factors associated with the two subtypes of hypogonadal type 2 diabetes mellitus males in Malaysia, where obesity and poorly controlled diabetes are highly prevalent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We screened 360 type 2 diabetes mellitus males for hypogonadism (H), defined by total testosterone &lt;12\u2009nmol\/L, repeated calculated free testosterone &lt;0.255\u2009nmol\/L, and Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale &gt;26. Subjects were classified into hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (hypo\u2010H) and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (hyper\u2010H) based on luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. We further analyzed their sociodemographic and clinical parameters in comparison to the control group of eugonadal males.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      55.6% of the 63 hypogonadal subjects have hypo\u2010H. Significant differences in weight (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.001), BMI (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.001), waist circumference (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.001), serum HDL\u2010C (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.001), serum triglycerides (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.001) and TyG index (\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.001) were observed between hypo\u2010H and eugonadal males. For hyper\u2010H males, only age differed significantly from eugonadal males (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age is significantly associated with hyper\u2010H, while insulin resistance and visceral adiposity are strongly linked to hypo\u2010H. Older and obese Malaysian type 2 diabetes mellitus males, particularly those with coronary artery disease and lower HDL\u2010C levels, are at a higher risk of developing hypogonadism. Diabetic treatments aimed at improving insulin resistance and reducing visceral adiposity could be highly effective for hypogonadal type 2 diabetes mellitus males in Malaysia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T07:03:40Z","timestamp":1754636620000},"page":"1881-1889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Distinct patterns of hypogonadism in a cross\u2010sectional study of Malaysian men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The role of insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, and aging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3209-7196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waye\u2010Hann","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University Tunku Abdul Rahman  Kajang Selangor Malaysia"},{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  Cheras Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5434-2087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norlela","family":"Sukor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  Cheras Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Azmi","family":"Kamaruddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Jantung Negara  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10040474"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00199-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 (NHMS 2015). 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