{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:32:09Z","timestamp":1791232329980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766880000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006477","name":"National Taiwan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NTU\u2010NFG\u2010113L7463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTU\u2010NFG\u2010113L7463"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006477","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006477","name":"National Taiwan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NTU\u2010NFG\u2010114L7406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTU\u2010NFG\u2010114L7406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006477","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHRI\u2010EM\u2010113\u2010GP\u201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI\u2010EM\u2010113\u2010GP\u201003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHRI\u2010EM\u2010114\u2010GP\u201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI\u2010EM\u2010114\u2010GP\u201003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010316\u2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010316\u2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010110\u2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010110\u2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reports suggested that diabetes could be a complication arising from COVID\u201019; however, the relationship between COVID\u201019 and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the association between COVID\u201019 infections and the risk of incident GDM in pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), which is linked to the Birth Reporting Database and the COVID\u201019 testing database between 2020 and 2022. A case\u2013control study was conducted, matching pregnant women by age and region. We employed multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for matching factors and potential confounders. The findings were further validated through a sensitivity analysis using a cohort design with landmark analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 134,375 pregnant women, comprising 26,875 GDM cases and 107,500 matched controls. After adjusting for covariates, we found no evidence supporting an association between prior COVID\u201019 infection and incident GDM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20090.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20090.89\u20131.01). Notably, some evidence showed that receiving at least one COVID\u201019 vaccination was associated with a decreased risk of GDM (aOR\u2009=\u20090.90, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.87\u20130.93). These results remained consistent in the sensitivity analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite COVID\u201019 now being endemic with less virulent variants, ongoing vigilance regarding potential pregnancy\u2010related impacts of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 is essential. It is also critical to promote vaccination among women of childbearing age, and further research is necessary to explore COVID\u201019\u2010related complications during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.70228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T07:57:08Z","timestamp":1766995028000},"page":"527-534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The association between\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 and incident gestational diabetes (\n                    <scp>GDM<\/scp>\n                    ): A population\u2010based case\u2013control study of the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4720-6738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang\u2010Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei\u2010Huei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes  Zhunan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin\u2010Chu Branch  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pau\u2010Chung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes  Zhunan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb2408466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00159-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21e","author":"Easter SR","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00825-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","article-title":"Association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection during pregnancy and gestational diabetes: A claims\u2010based cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Rinc\u00f3n\u2010Guevara O","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.9151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"National Health Insurance Administration Ministry of Health and Welfare","author":"National Health Insurance Administration Ministry of Health and","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"National Health Insurance Annual Report 2022\u20132023","author":"National Health Insurance Administration Ministry of Health and Welfare","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","article-title":"Data profile: The National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan","volume":"1","author":"Lin LY","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"The Diabetes Association of the Republic of China (Taiwan).Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy 2023.2023[Internet] [cited 2024 Feb 22] Available from:http:\/\/www.endo\u2010dm.org.tw\/dia\/direct\/index.asp?BK_KIND=56&current=2023%E5%AD%95%E6%9C%9F%E7%B3%96%E5%B0%BF%E7%97%85%E8%87%A8%E5%BA%8A%E7%85%A7%E8%AD%B7%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Taiwan Maternal Fetal Medicine Society.Taiwan GDM\u2010care Guideline.2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Health Promotion Administration.Health Promotion Administration.2021[cited 2025 Aug 12]. Expanded Subsidy for Prenatal Examination Services Effective on July 1. 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