{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:11:01Z","timestamp":1792264261773,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims\/Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although several studies have reported elevated serum galectin\u20103 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus, its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in Japan, where obesity is relatively uncommon, remains unclear. We investigated whether serum galectin\u20103 levels can be a predictive marker for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Japanese general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 433 participants who underwent a health check\u2010up in Nagasaki between 2013 and 2014 were enrolled; of these, 307 participants completed follow\u2010up by 2023. Participants were classified into quartiles based on serum galectin\u20103 levels measured by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The serum galectin\u20103 levels were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) in the regression analysis. Over the 10\u2010year follow\u2010up, the highest galectin\u20103 quartile had a higher type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence than the lowest galectin\u20103 quartile (adjusted odds ratio: 5.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.08\u201330.65). Subgroup analysis stratified by body mass index revealed that each 1\u2010standard deviation increase in serum galectin\u20103 level was associated with a significantly increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in the low body mass index group, but not in the high body mass index group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The serum galectin\u20103 levels were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence and incidence in a general Japanese population, particularly among individuals without obesity. Galectin\u20103 may be a useful biomarker for identifying individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.70326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T08:22:31Z","timestamp":1779092551000},"page":"1400-1408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Elevated serum galectin\u20103 levels predict the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Japanese general population: A 10\u2010year follow\u2010up study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8252-4790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harumi","family":"Takubo\u2010Yoshimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardio\u2010Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardio\u2010Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Faculty of Human Health Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ako","family":"Fukami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardio\u2010Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"},{"name":"Preventive Health and Screening Center Kurume University Hospital  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0512-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagisa","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardio\u2010Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yume","family":"Nohara\u2010Shitama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardio\u2010Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardio\u2010Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayo","family":"Shimoyama\u2010Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardio\u2010Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardio\u2010Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"},{"name":"Keikokai, Hara Hospital  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Fukumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardio\u2010Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2023.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1090724"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.783707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9618092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58675\/2682\u2010339X.2389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.56390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-S081","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"37","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20110075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011000504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"794","article-title":"Definition and the diagnostic standard for metabolic syndrome\u2013committee to evaluate diagnostic standards for metabolic syndrome","volume":"94","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"4979","article-title":"Significance of circulating Galectin\u20103 in patients with pancreatobiliary cancer","volume":"37","author":"Shimura T","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02476.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02750-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-024-01543-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18811-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2020.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2020.1739267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-6-106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01129-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2003.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2002411"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdi.70326","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jdi.70326","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdi.70326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T06:58:25Z","timestamp":1785567505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdi.70326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdi.70326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.70326","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-1116","2040-1124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-1116","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-1124","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}