{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:54:35Z","timestamp":1792162475886,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016573","name":"Japan Association for Diabetes Education and Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims\/Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon is a key regulator of fasting glucose homeostasis, but the contribution of adrenal hormones during prolonged fasting remains unclear. We investigated the complementary roles of glucagon and adrenal hormones in hepatic glucose metabolism during prolonged fasting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male proglucagon\u2010deficient (GCGKO) mice and adrenalectomized (ADX) mice were studied after a 36\u2010h fast. Metabolic parameters, hepatic glycogen and lipid contents, gene expression, and liver metabolomic profiles were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GCGKO mice exhibited markedly elevated plasma corticosterone levels and only mildly reduced blood glucose levels despite preserved hepatic glycogen stores after a 36\u2010h fast. Hepatic triglyceride and free fatty acid contents were significantly lower in GCGKO mice. Fasting increased the expression of genes involved in amino acid metabolism and the urea cycle in both control and GCGKO mice, but the magnitude of the response was attenuated in GCGKO mice. Hepatic amino acid levels were broadly reduced in control mice but largely preserved in GCGKO mice. In contrast, adrenalectomy in GCGKO mice resulted in severe hypoglycemia accompanied by reduced adipose tissue lipolysis and impaired hormone\u2010sensitive lipase phosphorylation. Adrenalectomy had minimal effects on blood glucose and hepatic metabolic responses in control mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon\u2010dependent glycogen utilization, adrenal hormone\u2013dependent adipose lipolysis, and cooperative regulation of hepatic amino acid metabolism by glucagon and adrenal hormones contribute to the maintenance of blood glucose during prolonged fasting. Adrenal hormones provide an important compensatory mechanism that preserves glucose homeostasis when glucagon signaling is impaired.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.70466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:42:11Z","timestamp":1792161731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adrenal hormones in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis during prolonged fasting in male glucagon\u2010deficient mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Sayumi","family":"Kanie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine  Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koki","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine  Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9099-3493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Seino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine  Toyoake Japan"},{"name":"Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihomi","family":"Hidaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine  Toyoake Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Fujita Health 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Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7424-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoya","family":"Murao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine  Toyoake Japan"},{"name":"Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2941-9968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruki","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Fujita Health University Graduate School of Medicine  Toyoake 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