{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:45:15Z","timestamp":1792673115709,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Diabetes Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the association between the cholesterol\u2010high\u2010density lipoprotein\u2010glucose (CHG) index and the incidence of diabetes in patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases (CGID).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for the period 2011\u20132020. The association between the CHG index and new\u2010onset diabetes was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Restrictive cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to examine the dose\u2013response relationship, and time\u2010window analysis assessed the time\u2010dependence of predictive performance. The independent contributions of individual components of the CHG index were investigated using a two\u2010axis decomposition (metabolic burden axis and lipid protection axis).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study enrolled 1,870 CGID patients who were free of diabetes at baseline. During the follow\u2010up period, 289 participants (15.5%) developed new\u2010onset diabetes. CHG index was associated with the risk of new\u2010onset diabetes (HR per 1\u2010SD increase\u2009=\u20091.44, 95% CI: 1.28\u20131.61). RCS analysis showed no nonlinear relationship (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010nonlinear\u2009=\u20090.773). Time\u2010window analysis showed that the predictive performance of the CHG index increased over time (HR for 0\u20135\u2009years\u2009=\u20091.33 vs HR for 5\u20139\u2009years\u2009=\u20091.62,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010interaction &lt;0.001). Two\u2010axis decomposition analysis revealed that the \u2018high metabolic burden\u2013low lipid protection\u2019 group had the highest risk of diabetes (HR\u2009=\u20092.00).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CHG index is an independent risk factor for new\u2010onset diabetes in CGID patients, showing a linear dose\u2013response relationship and time\u2010dependent predictive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.70470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:00:52Z","timestamp":1792670452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between the cholesterol\u2010high\u2010density lipoprotein\u2010glucose index and the incidence of new\u2010onset diabetes in patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Liyan","family":"lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Medicine Center Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Longyan Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Medicine Center Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Longyan Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Longyan Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqian","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Medicine Center Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Longyan Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9746-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Medicine Center Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Longyan Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: Global, regional and country\u2010level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun H","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.22208","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment of diabetes in China, 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