{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:21:59Z","timestamp":1790979719746,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Instruction"},{"name":"University and Research of the Italian Government"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009885","name":"Regione Piemonte","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009885","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Although regulatory T cells (Tregs) are affected in several autoimmune skin diseases, only two studies have been performed in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP<\/jats:styled-content>) with contrasting results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To characterize Tregs and to determine the serum levels of regulatory cytokines in patients with BP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>In BP<\/jats:styled-content> lesional skin, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were performed for CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup>, CD<\/jats:styled-content>25+<\/jats:sup>, forkhead\/winged helix transcription factor (FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3)+<\/jats:sup>, transforming growth factor (TGF<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010\u03b2+<\/jats:sup> and interleukin (IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u201010+<\/jats:sup> cells. In addition, the number of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup>CD<\/jats:styled-content>25++<\/jats:sup>FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3+<\/jats:sup> Tregs in peripheral blood was assessed by flow cytometry, and the levels of TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 were determined in serum samples by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay before and after steroid therapy. Controls included patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD<\/jats:styled-content>) and healthy donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The frequency of FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3+<\/jats:sup> cells was significantly reduced in skin lesions from patients with BP<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001) compared with psoriasis and AD<\/jats:styled-content>. Moreover, the number of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010+<\/jats:sup> cells was lower in BP<\/jats:styled-content> than in psoriasis (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and AD<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002), while no differences were observed in the number of TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2+<\/jats:sup> cells. CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup>CD<\/jats:styled-content>25++<\/jats:sup>FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3+<\/jats:sup> Treg in the peripheral blood of patients with BP<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly reduced compared with healthy controls (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and augmented significantly after steroid therapy (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Finally, TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 serum levels were similar in patients with BP<\/jats:styled-content> compared with healthy controls. However, after therapy, BP<\/jats:styled-content> patients showed significantly higher IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 serum levels than before therapy (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>These data suggest that the depletion of Tregs and of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 in patients with BP<\/jats:styled-content> may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T17:37:42Z","timestamp":1358530662000},"page":"222-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Regulatory T cells in skin lesions and blood of patients with bullous pemphigoid"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Antiga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Section of Dermatology University of Florence Florence 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