{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:07:25Z","timestamp":1791317245360,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]],"date-time":"2013-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leg ulcers in \u03b2\u2010thalassaemia intermedia (TI) patients are a relatively common occurrence that have an 8% prevalence. Both the pathophysiology and treatment of this condition have not been well\u2010elucidated. This is mainly because of the rarity of the disease and the lack of well\u2010structured studies. The goal of this study was to better explore the risk factors for the development of this condition along with the treatment options available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present 11 such cases that have occurred in 6 \u03b2\u2010TI patients over the course of 19\u00a0years who are followed up at the Chronic Care Center of Lebanon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our patient population comprised three men and three women aged between 25 and 58, most of whom had iron overload and with an average lifetime haemoglobin ranging between 49\u00a0g\/L and 77\u00a0g\/L. Most of the patients were treated with blood transfusions with varying degrees of success. Nonetheless, some received Hydroxyurea, granulocyte macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>) or topical antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that chelation therapy, hydroxyurea use and blood transfusions are beneficial in the treatment of this condition. Whether foetal haemoglobin is directly related to the development of the ulcers is not clear based on our results. Larger studies are needed to better explore the risk factors that predispose patients to this condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]],"date-time":"2013-07-15T05:39:30Z","timestamp":1373866770000},"page":"1245-1250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Leg ulcers in patients with \u03b2\u2010thalassaemia intermedia: a single centre's experience"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"B. N.","family":"Matta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology &amp; Oncology American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Maakaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology &amp; Oncology American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Koussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Care Center Hazmieh Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. H.","family":"Daderian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Care Center Hazmieh Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. T.","family":"Taher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology &amp; Oncology American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a013482"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-243154"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198202000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011111070"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"316","article-title":"Healing of refractory leg ulcer in a patient with thalassemia intermedia and hypercoagulability after 14\u00a0years of unresponsive therapy","volume":"13","author":"Levin C","year":"2011","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"Healing of leg ulcers with hydroxyurea in thalassaemia intermedia patients with associated endocrine complications","volume":"2","author":"Gamberini MR","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"647","article-title":"Local iron overload in chronic leg ulcers","volume":"13","author":"Ackerman Z","year":"2011","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.047852"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03630269.2011.605499"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02540-2.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670090032006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03940.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-09-382408"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.111633"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2011.00882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/506353"}],"container-title":["Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjdv.12211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjdv.12211","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.12211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T08:50:32Z","timestamp":1695545432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdv.12211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdv.12211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.12211","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9959","1468-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9959","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]]}}}