{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T05:46:50Z","timestamp":1781070410328,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,17]],"date-time":"2013-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anniversary Funds of the Austrian National Bank"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultraviolet radiation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content>) induces various alterations of the skin and plays a decisive part regarding the development of melanoma and non\u2010melanoma skin cancer. For a closer examination of these phenomena <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> reflectance confocal microscopy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content>) is one of the most eligible options as it represents a diagnostic tool that allows a non\u2010invasive examination of the skin, showing microanatomical structures and individual cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content> to observe alterations of the skin induced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content> and to describe the development of these changes. In addition, the findings were compared with histological examinations of the same area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A small area in the gluteal region of 10 healthy subjects was exposed to a threefold individual minimal erythema dose of solar\u2010simulated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content>. The following development of the sunburn reaction was evaluated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content> 1, 24, 72\u00a0h and 1\u00a0week after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content> exposure. Furthermore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content> images of unexposed skin were obtained, serving as a reference. To contrast histological examination with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content>, punch biopsies were performed at each point in time. The obtained data were interpreted regarding histological and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based criteria on sunburn reaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All important <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced alterations of the skin could be shown in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content> beginning with an inflammatory reaction (inflammatory cells, vasodilatation, oedema), containing the formation of microvesicles, followed by the appearance of apoptotic keratinocytes (sunburn cells), activated melanocytes and at last, loss of the epidermal structure. There was an excellent correlation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content> and histological features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reflectance confocal microscopy is a highly valuable tool for non\u2010invasive monitoring of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced changes of the skin over time. Furthermore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content> provides a more detailed visualization of inflammatory cell formation and epidermal blood flow than histological examination can.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,17]],"date-time":"2013-10-17T10:20:08Z","timestamp":1382005208000},"page":"1061-1068","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["UV\u2010induced alterations of the skin evaluated over time by reflectance confocal microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Koller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Inzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Medical University of Graz Graz 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