{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T16:47:25Z","timestamp":1761238045118},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Korea Healthcare Technology R&D"},{"name":"Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["A103017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A103017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation disorder of melanocytes. Recently, some clinical reports have suggested that proton pump inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s) may worsen vitiligo, but their effects on melanocytes have yet to be elucidated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s on melanogenesis <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s on melanogenesis in B16 murine melanoma cells by measuring melanin content and tyrosinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TYR<\/jats:styled-content>) activity. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TYR<\/jats:styled-content> and tyrosinase\u2010related protein\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) were monitored by western blotting. Finally, a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> was applied to zebrafish embryos to investigate its <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> effect on pigmentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In agreement with our clinical experience of worsened vitiligo after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s decreased both melanin content and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TYR<\/jats:styled-content> activity. Western blotting showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TYR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 protein levels. In the zebrafish test, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s inhibited body pigmentation in a dose\u2010dependent manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that the functional inhibition of melanization by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPI<\/jats:styled-content>s may induce or aggravate vitiligo lesions in genetically predisposed patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T08:42:47Z","timestamp":1384504967000},"page":"1475-1479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Proton pump inhibitors as a possible cause of vitiligo: an <i>in vivo<\/i> and <i>in vitro<\/i> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"J.M.","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine and Research Institute of Medical Sciences Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.Y.","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Daejeon Veterans Hospital Daejeon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.H.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine and Research Institute of Medical Sciences Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.C.","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine and Research Institute of Medical Sciences Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy School of Medicine Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine and Research Institute of Medical Sciences 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