{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:26:22Z","timestamp":1792009582273,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]],"date-time":"2013-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Onychomycosis is a common disorder, and high prevalence figures are commonly cited in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate the prevalence of onychomycosis based on published studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relevant studies were identified in Medline by using specific search criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven population\u2010based and 21 hospital\u2010based studies were identified. The mean prevalence in Europe and North America was 4.3% [95% Confidence Interval (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ): 1.9\u20136.8] in the population\u2010based studies, but it was 8.9% (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 4.3\u201313.6) for the hospital\u2010based studies. Both population\u2010based and hospital\u2010based studies showed that onychomycosis is more common in toenails and is seen more frequently in males. The main causative agent was a dermatophyte in 65.0% (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 51.9\u201378.1) of the cases.\n                      <jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the single most common fungus and was cultured on average in 44.9% of the cases (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 33.8\u201356.0). Moulds were found on average in 13.3% (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 4.6\u201322.1) and yeasts in 21.1% (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      : 11.0\u201331.3).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We may not have been able to locate all studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Onychomycosis is a common disorder, but it may not be as common as cited in the literature, because hospital\u2010based studies might overestimate the prevalence of onychomycosis. It is more frequent in males, and toenails are more commonly affected. Dermatophytes, particularly\n                      <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , are the main causative agents.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]],"date-time":"2013-11-28T04:27:25Z","timestamp":1385612845000},"page":"1480-1491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["The prevalence of onychomycosis in the global population \u2013 A literature study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Sigurgeirsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology University of Iceland Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nail Disease Center Cannes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.3.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550152384425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.149.s65.4.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.104794"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05998-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10660.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"3288","article-title":"Long\u2010pulse Nd:YAG 1064\u00a0nm laser treatment for onychomycosis","volume":"125","author":"Zhang RN","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04258.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2012.01519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2012.01551.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2012.711315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2012.681779"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-011-2251-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.95440"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2012.07997_suppl.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2012.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354\u2010012\u20100139\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Device\u2010based therapies for onychomycosis treatment","volume":"17","author":"Gupta A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2011.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Onychomycoses: epidemiology, causative agents and assessment of diagnostic laboratory methods","volume":"44","author":"Nazar JR","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2012.02199.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2012.02215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2011.02053.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1969.tb03919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Skin disease in Lambeth. 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