{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:20:20Z","timestamp":1790742020496,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,14]],"date-time":"2014-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Industrial Farmaceutical Cantabria"},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["RF-2010-2316435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2010-2316435"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sebum plays a key role in the initiation of the acne lesions. Oxidized sebum lipids cause keratynocytes hyperproliferation and inflammatory cytokines release. Association between sebum oxidation and comedogenesis has been little investigated in comedonal acne.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Evaluation of sebum oxidation parameters and levels of inflammatory cytokines (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101\u03b1) in patients with mild comedonal acne (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) before and after the treatment with a mixed RetinSphere\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010 vitamin E formulation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sebum excretion rate (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SER<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), squalene concentration, and oxidation degree of sebum were measured in 18\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients and 10 controls.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101\u03b1 levels in the stratum corneum were measured in both lesional and non\u2010lesional facial areas of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients. Sebum parameters and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101\u03b1 were measured at week 4 of topical treatment. Reflectance confocal microscopy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) was performed in a subset of four patients at the baseline and at week 4 and all patients were assessed clinically before and following the 8\u00a0week\u2010treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sebum excretion rate and squalene concentration were comparable between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients and healthy controls. Lipid peroxidation (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and the percentage of oxidized squalene (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SQOX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) were significantly elevated in the sebum of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients. The concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101\u03b1 in stratum corneum was significantly higher in the lesional area compared with non\u2010lesional area of the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      patients at the baseline. At week 4, while\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SER<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and squalene concentration did not vary significantly, the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      levels and the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SQOX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      percentage resulted decreased at a significant extent. Following the treatment,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101\u03b1 concentration in the lesional area reached values comparable to those of unaffected areas. Consistent with the biochemical data,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      showed the reduction of hyperkeratinization and of inflammatory cells infiltration of the adnexal structures epithelium, significant clinical improvement was recorded at week 8.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data further support the involvement of lipid oxidation and particularly by\u2010products of squalene oxidation in comedogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,14]],"date-time":"2014-03-14T04:12:51Z","timestamp":1394770371000},"page":"1792-1797","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Modulation of sebum oxidation and interleukin\u20101\u03b1 levels associates with 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