{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:39:18Z","timestamp":1789501158753,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Erythema elevatum diutinum (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EED<\/jats:styled-content>) is a rare, chronic and treatable skin condition. It has many histological mimics and is often associated with a variety of underlying systemic diseases, when these are present the management and prognosis dictates the course of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EED<\/jats:styled-content>. This review aims to highlight the differential diagnosis, clinical manifestations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EED<\/jats:styled-content> and the possible underlying systemic disease. It is important for clinicians to be aware that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EED<\/jats:styled-content> may predate underlying conditions and the presence of lesions may indicate underlying disease activity. In some cases one may need \u2018search\u2019 for underlying disease. Treatment of these lesions is notoriously difficult. Dapsone is used as the mainstay of treatment, however other options exist. We have highlighted different treatment options and suggested a treatment algorithm. In some cases, treatment may need to be targeted at underlying disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T08:22:29Z","timestamp":1412670149000},"page":"1594-1602","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Erythema elevatum diutinum: a review of presentation and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"S.E.","family":"Momen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's Institute of Dermatology London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Jorizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest Baptist Health Winstom Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Al\u2010Niaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's Institute of Dermatology London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70003-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"On two remarkable cases of symmetrical purple congestion of the skin in patches, with induration","volume":"1","author":"Hutchinson J","year":"1880","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"A case of erythema with remarkable nodular thickening and induration of the skin associated with intermittent albuminuria","volume":"3","author":"Bury JS","year":"1889","journal-title":"Illus Med News"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Erythema elevatum diutinum","volume":"6","author":"Radcliffe\u2010Crocker H","year":"1894","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1992.tb00171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00120-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.8.931"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12706.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198610000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199706000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1997.5840815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1985.tb00626.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198410000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07958.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0190-9622(03)01834-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197709000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"558","article-title":"The classic angiovasculitis lesion of erythema elevatum diutinum","volume":"1992","author":"Yiannias JA","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Un cas d'erythema elevatum diutinum simulant un sarcome de Kaposi","volume":"11","author":"Wechsler J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","volume-title":"Andrew's Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology","author":"James W","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2008.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70115-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1989.tb00043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555566272274","article-title":"Erythema elevatum diutinum and pre\u2010AIDS","volume":"2366","author":"Cunha Bang F","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70197-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1929.01440050003001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.2.231-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Erythema elevatum diutinum in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"68","author":"Fakheri A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cuits"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03673.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70130-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00926.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2010.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"1819","volume":"127","author":"Requena L","year":"1991","journal-title":"Erythema elevatum diutinum in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802005000400009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1997.tb01082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30401-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"1041","volume":"347","author":"Bachmeyer C","year":"1996","journal-title":"Erythema elevatum diutinum with HIV\u20102 infection Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02988.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6087.613-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.03972.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Two cases of erythema elevatum diutinum, and a new association","volume":"66","author":"Rosende L","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"549","volume":"8","author":"Statham BN","year":"1983","journal-title":"Erythema elevatum diutinum \u2013 a report of two unusual patients."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2002.1432_4.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890350102016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1989.tb02611.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02333.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70043-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1574-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001050050492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1991.tb00348.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199805000-00018","article-title":"Terrien's marginal degeneration associated with erythema elevatum diutinum","volume":"17","author":"Shimazaki J YH","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cornea."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2011.00816.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Novel use of topical dapsone 5% gel for erythema elevatum diutinum: safer and effective","volume":"12","author":"Frieling GW","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/229255031001800111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.107646"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02050-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Erythema elevatum diutinum: an \u201cidiopathic\u201d case","volume":"17","author":"El Fekih N","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000337424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","first-page":"634","article-title":"Relapsing polychondritis and erythema elevatum diutinum: an unusual association refractory to dapsone","volume":"28","author":"Delgado J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1977.01640060115017","article-title":"Erythema elevatum diutinum","volume":"113","author":"Fort SL","year":"1977","journal-title":"Response to dapsone. Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1980.01640300081025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200104000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12543487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-7310(03)76694-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1999.tb02025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Erythema elevatum diutinum: cutaneous vasculitis, impaired clot lysis, and response to phenformin","volume":"4","author":"Schumacher HR","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","first-page":"AB47","article-title":"Unusual presentation of erythema elevatum diutinum","volume":"64","author":"Cronin H","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"An atypical distribution of erythema elevatum diutinum","volume":"39","author":"Ben\u2010zvi GT","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)01561-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","first-page":"AB50","article-title":"Erythema elevatum diutinum in a 32\u2010year\u2010old pregnant woman","volume":"68","author":"Michaels J","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAAD"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","first-page":"310","article-title":"Erythema elevatum diutinum","volume":"48","author":"Sachdev DS","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000158540.57267.34"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","first-page":"AB47","article-title":"Unusual presentation of erythema elevatum diutinum","volume":"64","author":"Cronin H","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjdv.12566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjdv.12566","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.12566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T15:46:35Z","timestamp":1695570395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdv.12566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdv.12566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.12566","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9959","1468-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9959","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]]}}}