{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:25:54Z","timestamp":1790270754040,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cold\u2010 and heat\u2010induced urticaria are chronic physical urticaria conditions in which wheals, angioedema or both are evoked by skin exposure to cold and heat respectively. The diagnostic work up of both conditions should include skin provocation tests and accurate determination of critical temperature thresholds (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTT<\/jats:styled-content>) for producing symptoms in order to be able to predict the potential risk that each individual patient faces and how this may be ameliorated by therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop and validate Temp<jats:italic>Test<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00ae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> 4, a simple and relatively inexpensive instrument for the accurate determination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTT<\/jats:styled-content> which may be used in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temp<jats:italic>Test<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00ae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> 4 has a single 2\u00a0mm wide 350\u00a0mm U\u2010shaped Peltier element generating a temperature gradient from 4\u00a0\u00b0C to 44\u00a0\u00b0C along its length. Using a clear plastic guide placed over the skin after provocation, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTT<\/jats:styled-content> values may be determined with an accuracy of \u00b11\u00a0\u00b0C. Here, Temp<jats:italic>Test<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00ae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> 4 was compared with its much more expensive predecessor, Temp<jats:italic>Test<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00ae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> 3, in inducing wheals in 30 cold urticaria patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both Temp<jats:italic>Test<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00ae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> 4 and Temp<jats:italic>Test<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00ae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> 3 induced wheals in all 30 patients between 8\u00a0\u00b0 and 28\u00a0\u00b0C. There was a highly significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) correlation between the instruments in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTT<\/jats:styled-content> values in individual patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Temp<jats:italic>Test<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00ae<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> 4 is a simple, easy to use, licensed, commercially available and affordable instrument for the determination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTT<\/jats:styled-content>s in both cold\u2010 and heat\u2010induced urticaria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T10:04:19Z","timestamp":1412071459000},"page":"2043-2045","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["An improved Peltier effect\u2010based instrument for critical temperature threshold measurement in cold\u2010 and heat\u2010induced urticaria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Magerl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie\u2010Centrum\u2010Charit\u00e9 Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Abajian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie\u2010Centrum\u2010Charit\u00e9 Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie\u2010Centrum\u2010Charit\u00e9 Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Altrichter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie\u2010Centrum\u2010Charit\u00e9 Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Siebenhaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie\u2010Centrum\u2010Charit\u00e9 Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1639-9410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.K.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie\u2010Centrum\u2010Charit\u00e9 Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin 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