{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:57:42Z","timestamp":1790207862111,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]],"date-time":"2014-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Meda Pharma GmbH & Co. KG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In actinic keratosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>), clinical and subclinical lesions coexist across large areas of sun\u2010exposed skin resulting in field cancerization. The lesions are part of a disease continuum which can progress into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>). Conventional biopsy sampling together with histopathological analysis of the excised tissue is still the gold standard for differentially diagnosing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> from invasive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> and identifying the characteristic pathophysiological features of these lesions. Given that biopsy sampling is invasive and not suited to the investigation of disease across large fields of skin, several imaging technologies have been applied to non\u2010invasively investigate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>. Widely available imaging technologies such as cross\u2010polarized light, fluorescence and dermoscopy can assist the dermatologist in diagnosing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> and in identifying different types of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> lesions. Modern imaging technologies such as reflectance confocal microscopy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content>) and high\u2010definition optical coherence tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCT<\/jats:styled-content>) provide high\u2010resolution images of the skin. These techniques can be used to image the histological changes that characterize <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> and so can be used to diagnose the disease and its severity. They can also identify the presence of subclinical lesions and non\u2010invasively monitor the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> treatments on both subclinical and clinical lesions over time. Both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCM<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCT<\/jats:styled-content> have revealed a new vision of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> by visualizing in detail the cellular and histological changes that characterize both clinical and subclinical lesions, and confirming that the disease affects the entire sun\u2010exposed field. As a consequence of these findings, the target for the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> now needs to be the detection and clearance of all clinical and subclinical lesions across the entire sun\u2010exposed field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]],"date-time":"2014-12-03T11:43:06Z","timestamp":1417606986000},"page":"3-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["A new vision of actinic keratosis beyond visible clinical lesions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Malvehy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Skin Unit University Hospital Clinic of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195309)6:5<963::AID-CNCR2820060515>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1727","article-title":"A\u00a0genetic explanation of Slaughter's concept of field cancerization: evidence and clinical implications","volume":"63","author":"Braakhuis BJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Actinic keratosis and field cancerisation","volume":"21","author":"Stockfleth E","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0366-077X.2003.05625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Review of actinic keratosis. 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