{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T10:38:33Z","timestamp":1789900713350,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,10]],"date-time":"2014-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The occurrence and number of melanocytic nevi (MN) are among the most important known risk factors for the development of cutaneous melanoma (CM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of MN among schoolchildren and its relationship with phenotype, body mass index (BMI), parental and sun exposure factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted on\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01277 schoolchildren aged 7\u201319\u00a0years old in Kaunas city, Lithuania. Subjects were interviewed using a self\u2010administered questionnaire and were assessed by a dermatologist. MN of all sizes and \u22652\u00a0mm in diameter were counted; phenotypic features and skin phototype were defined. BMI and body surface area (BSA) were calculated. Whole\u2010body MN counts were expressed both as totals and as counts per unit of BSA \u2013 MN density (MND). Biological parents completed questionnaires regarding nevus counts, family history of skin cancer and CM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The numbers of all sizes and \u22652\u00a0mm MN increased according to age, respectively, from median values of 44 (IQR 28, 60) and 5 (IQR 2, 8) at the age of 7\u20139\u00a0years to 85 (IQR 55, 128) and 16 (IQR 8, 30) at the age of 16\u201319\u00a0years. A higher MND was found in children with light skin colour (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), I\u2010II skin phototype (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), extensive facial freckling (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.005) and multiple nevi on the father's and mother's arms (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). 20.2% of pupils were overweight or obese, 130 males and 118 females. Overweight and obese children had a higher all sizes MND (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.033,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.044). Acquired suntan at the end of summer was associated with a higher all sizes MND (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), outdoor activities at midday \u2013 with a higher \u22652\u00a0mm MND (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.047) respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of MN among schoolchildren is age\u2010dependent and strongly determined by skin colour, skin phototype, facial freckling and BMI. Parental nevus numbers, acquired suntan and outdoor activities at midday must be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,10]],"date-time":"2014-12-10T07:24:46Z","timestamp":1418196286000},"page":"1506-1516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The role of phenotype, body mass index, parental and sun exposure factors in the prevalence of melanocytic nevi among schoolchildren in Lithuania"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Kontautiene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Stang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology University Hospital of Essen University Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Gollnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Otto\u2010von\u2010Guericke\u2010University Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Valiukeviciene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Cancer Incidence in Five Continents","author":"Parkin DM","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70234-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2005.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Pigmentary traits, ethnic origin, benign nevi, and family history as risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma","volume":"72","author":"Holman CD","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Advances in Cancer Control Epidemiology and Research","author":"Reynolds P","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"651","article-title":"A theory of the etiology and pathogenesis of human cutaneous malignant melanoma","volume":"71","author":"Holman CD","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(84)80310-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.6.457"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680190057006","article-title":"Benign pigmented nevi in children. 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