{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:41:34Z","timestamp":1786639294560,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]],"date-time":"2015-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nails that is increasing in prevalence in the old, diabetics and immunocompromised. Onychomycosis presents a therapeutic challenge that can lead to significant reductions in quality of life leading to both physical and psychological consequences. Current treatment modalities are difficult to implement due to the poor penetration of topical treatments to the nail bed, the slow growing nature of nails and the need for prolonged use of topical and\/or oral medications. Standard of care medications have cure rates of 63\u201376% that leads to a high propensity of treatment failures and recurrences. Photodynamic therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content>) offers an alternative treatment for onychomycosis. Methylene blue dye, methyl\u2010aminolevulinate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAL<\/jats:styled-content>) and aminolevulinic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALA<\/jats:styled-content>) have been used as photosensitizers with approximately 630\u00a0nm light. These modalities are combined with pre\u2010treatment of urea and\/or microabrasion for better penetration. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> treatments are well tolerated with only mild transient pain, burning and erythema. In addition, significant cure rates for patients who have contraindications to oral medications or failed standard medications can be obtained. With further enhancements in photosensitizer permeability, decreased pre\u2010treatment and photosensitizer incubation times, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> can be a more efficient and cost\u2010effective in office based treatment for onychomycosis. However, more large\u2010scale randomized control clinical trials are needed to access the efficacy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]],"date-time":"2015-01-15T14:54:20Z","timestamp":1421333660000},"page":"1275-1279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["An update on photodynamic therapies in the treatment of onychomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0862-0055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.J.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.D.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5553-4507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.A.","family":"Falto\u2010Aizpurua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Onychomycosis","author":"Goldstein AO","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"2014 A Tosti 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