{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T04:40:54Z","timestamp":1784868054255,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002468","name":"Dong-A University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002468","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Photodynamic therapy (PDT<\/jats:styled-content>) using methyl aminolevulinate (MAL<\/jats:styled-content>) is an effective first\u2010line treatment for actinic keratosis (AK<\/jats:styled-content>). Erbium:yttrium\u2010aluminium\u2010garnet (Er:YAG<\/jats:styled-content>) ablative fractional laser\u2010assisted MAL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> (AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content>) has shown significant benefit for the treatment of AK<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy, recurrence rate, cosmetic outcome and safety between AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> with 2 and 3\u00a0h of incubation vs. Conventional MAL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with facial and scalp AK<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>This prospective randomized trial initially enrolled 440 facial and scalp AK<\/jats:styled-content> lesions in 93 patients. Patients were randomly assigned to AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> with a 2\u2010h incubation time (2h\u2010AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content>), 3h\u2010AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> and 3h\u2010MAL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content>. All patients underwent one session of MAL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> using a red light\u2010emitting diode lamp at 37\u00a0J\/cm2<\/jats:sup>, and AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> groups were assigned to pretreatment with Er:YAG AFL<\/jats:styled-content>. Patients were followed up at 1\u00a0week, 3\u00a0months and 12\u00a0months post treatment. Efficacy, cosmetic outcomes and adverse events were assessed. Finally, 427 facial AK<\/jats:styled-content> lesions in 88 patients were analysed in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Three months after the last treatment session, 3h\u2010AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> (91.7%) was significantly more effective than 2h\u2010AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> (76.8%) and 3h\u2010MAL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> (65.6%, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001), and differences in efficacy remained significant at the 12\u2010month follow\u2010up. The recurrence rate was significantly lower for 3h\u2010AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> (7.5%) than for 3h\u2010MAL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> (22.1%) at 12\u00a0months (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.002);however, no significant difference was found between 2h\u2010AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> and 3h\u2010MAL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content>. No significant difference was found in cosmetic outcomes or safety between the three groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>We recommend 3h\u2010AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> rather than classic MAL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> or short\u2010incubation AFL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDT<\/jats:styled-content> for treating AK<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T01:55:12Z","timestamp":1422842112000},"page":"1598-1605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Efficacy of ablative fractional laser\u2010assisted photodynamic therapy with short\u2010incubation time for the treatment of facial and scalp actinic keratosis: 12\u2010month follow\u2010up results of a randomized, prospective, comparative trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"S.H.","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology College of Medicine Dong\u2010A University Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology College of Medicine Dong\u2010A University Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.H.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology College of Medicine Dong\u2010A University Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"1007","volume-title":"Fitzpatricks Dermatology in General Medicine","author":"Duncan K","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"699","article-title":"Dermacase. 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