{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T04:58:27Z","timestamp":1770353907672,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human papillomavirus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>) are responsible for a broad spectrum of mucocutaneous infections and may cause squamous cell carcinoma following long\u2010standing infection . Oncogenic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>, most commonly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> 16, are detectable in over 90% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIN<\/jats:styled-content>). Human immunodeficiency virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection is strongly associated with a higher prevalence of chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infection, a higher incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIN<\/jats:styled-content> and an increased risk for anal cancer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content>). In September 2013, guidelines concerning prevention, screening and treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIN<\/jats:styled-content> for patients affected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> were issued by the German <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to validate the suggested screening procedure, we analysed data from 123 male and female patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection that regularly present in our outpatient clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anal cytology, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> typing and high\u2010resolution anoscopy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRA<\/jats:styled-content>) were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that screening by anal cytology only identifies a minority of patients with high grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIN<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIN<\/jats:styled-content> 3) histology. Patients with normal cytology (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NILM<\/jats:styled-content>, cytology graded negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05, 29.4%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASCUS<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05, 71.4%) and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSIL<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08, 44.5%) showed highly dysplastic lesions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIN<\/jats:styled-content> 2 and 3) in the histological workup more frequently than expected. Additionally, high\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSIL<\/jats:styled-content>) was strongly associated with detection of high\u2010risk oncogenic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anal cytology as the solitary screening tool for anal cancer fails to detect anal dysplasia in a considerable number of patients. Additionally, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> typing and possibly further biomarkers might be applied to identify those patients with a higher risk of developing anal carcinoma, in order to monitor them more closely or directly transfer them to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T12:44:48Z","timestamp":1439556288000},"page":"2011-2018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Human papillomavirus status, anal cytology and histopathological outcome in <scp>HIV<\/scp>\u2010positive patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Ludwig\u2010Maximilian\u2010University Munich 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