{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:29:55Z","timestamp":1792193395162,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prognostic and therapeutic features of scleredema are poorly documented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the characteristics of patients with scleredema regarding demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, therapeutic interventions and course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective multicentre study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 44 patients (26 men).The mean age at diagnosis was 53.8\u00a0years. The most common associated disorders were endocrine\/metabolic diseases including 30 patients suffering from diabetes, mostly type 2 diabetes. Monoclonal gammopathies were confirmed in five cases. A preceding respiratory tract infection was not a feature. Treatments with different combination or sequential modalities were used with variable results. Phototherapy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1 or\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) was the treatment associated with higher, although partial response. Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs were reserved to patients with severe disease in whom phototherapy had failed or for patients with multiple myeloma. Forty\u2010one patients were followed up (mean period: 32.2\u00a0months).Thirty\u2010nine patients are alive, 30 with and 9 without skin disease. Two patients died of cardiovascular complications due to myeloma and severe diabetes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scleredema is a chronic debilitating disease associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome, unresponsive to various treatments but not necessarily a life\u2010threatening condition. Although there is no definitive treatment, phototherapy should be attempted first. Treatment of primary disease including strict glycaemic control combined with physical therapy should be also employed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T23:03:56Z","timestamp":1440457436000},"page":"2399-2404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Scleredema. A multicentre study of characteristics, comorbidities, course and therapy in 44 patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Rongioletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCSS\u2010AOU S. Martino\u2010IST Department of Health Sciences DISSAL Section\u00a0of Dermatology University of Genoa Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCSS\u2010AOU S. Martino\u2010IST Department of Health Sciences DISSAL Section\u00a0of Dermatology University of Genoa Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Cinotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCSS\u2010AOU S. Martino\u2010IST Department of Health Sciences DISSAL Section\u00a0of Dermatology University of Genoa Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Section\u00a0of Dermatology University Hospital of Saint\u2010Etienne Saint\u2010Etienne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Metze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Munster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Battistella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology H\u00f4pital Saint Louis Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.G.","family":"Calzavara\u2010Pinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Spedali Civili Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Damevska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Dermatology Medical Faculty University \u201cSs Cyril and Methodius\u201d Skopje Republic of Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Girolomoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Section\u00a0of Dermatology and Venereology University of Verona Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology CHU\u2010Saint Pierre Free University of Brussels Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u2010L.","family":"Perrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0of Dermatology University Hospital of Saint\u2010Etienne Saint\u2010Etienne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Kempf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kempf and Pfaltz Histological Diagnostics and Dept. of Dermatology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Cavelier\u2010Balloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Dermatopathologie Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"687","volume-title":"Dermatology","author":"Rongioletti F","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)70146-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"[Clinical and pathologic characteristics of patients with scleredema]","volume":"31","author":"Du W","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"[Obesity persistent scleredema: study of 49 cases]","volume":"129","author":"Ray V","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Fulminans in dermatology: a call to action: a recommendation for consideration of the term scleredema fulminans","volume":"7","author":"Sommer LL","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1988.00380030057013","article-title":"Cardiomyopathy and multiple myeloma. 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