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Initially patchy and often self\u2010limited, severe hair loss forms include the complete loss of scalp hair or alopecia totalis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and complete loss of all hair or alopecia universalis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). For\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      a reliable treatment has remained elusive. The targeted kinase inhibitor tofacitinib, in current use for treatment of other immune diseases, has been hypothesized as a viable option for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      therapy and a few case reports support this.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study aims to provide evidence for the effectiveness of tofacitinib in the treatment of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two patients diagnosed with long\u2010term\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were prescribed tofacitinib citrate at a dosage of 5\u00a0mg twice daily and observed for eight months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the first patient, beard growth was significant by 3\u00a0months of treatment. By 6\u00a0months of treatment, hair growth was apparent throughout the entire body. By 8\u00a0months of treatment, scalp hair continued to grow longer and thicker. In addition, eyelashes and eyebrows were established. In the second patient, a noticeable increase in scalp hair was present just 1\u00a0month into treatment. By 4\u00a0months into treatment, significant scalp regrowth was observed as well as eyelash, eyebrow and beard regrowth. Axillary hair regrowth and isolated leg hair was noted by 8\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In our patients, tofacitinib successfully alleviated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in the absence of significant adverse side\u2010effects. We recommend that further study be required to establish safety and confirm efficacy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]],"date-time":"2016-06-16T02:02:07Z","timestamp":1466042527000},"page":"1373-1378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Efficacy of tofacitinib in treatment of alopecia universalis in two patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"A.K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto School of Medicine Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Mediprobe Research Inc. London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.L.","family":"Carviel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediprobe Research Inc. 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