{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:17:04Z","timestamp":1790223424121,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,26]],"date-time":"2016-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001582","name":"Dermatology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12CA090625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12CA090625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous T\u2010cell lymphomas (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTCL<\/jats:styled-content>) are skin malignancies including mycosis fungoides (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>30<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lymphoproliferative disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPD<\/jats:styled-content>). In early disease, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTCL<\/jats:styled-content> can be difficult to diagnose, especially in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content> for which there is no reliable diagnostic marker. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTCL<\/jats:styled-content> have increased expression of thymocyte selection\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content> box protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content>). Although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> has been proposed to be a diagnostic marker for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>, further validation studies are needed. Moreover, it is unclear what drives <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> expression or its role in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTCL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesize evaluation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> levels across a spectrum of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTCL<\/jats:styled-content>, including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content> precursor (large plaque parapsoriasis, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPP<\/jats:styled-content>), will help elucidate the implications of altered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> staining was performed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CD<\/jats:styled-content>30<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> LPP<\/jats:styled-content> as well as benign inflammatory dermatoses (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BID<\/jats:styled-content>) and normal skin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTCL<\/jats:styled-content> cell lines were utilized to evaluate the regulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> expression was identified in 73.6% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content> cases and in 31.6% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BID<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> had a positive predictive value (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPV<\/jats:styled-content>) for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content> of 86.7% and a negative predictive value (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPV<\/jats:styled-content>) of 48.1%. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> expression in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content> was detected more commonly in Black patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.015) and less commonly in transformed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.045). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPP<\/jats:styled-content> had positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> staining in 70.0%. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTCL<\/jats:styled-content> cells, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GATA<\/jats:styled-content>3 knockdown decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein expression. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> expression also decreased in the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTCL<\/jats:styled-content> therapeutics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> is useful as a diagnostic marker in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>. Moreover, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> expression was evident in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPP<\/jats:styled-content>, indicating it may have a previously unappreciated role in the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>. Finally, our data suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GATA<\/jats:styled-content>3 regulates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content>, revealing insight into <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOX<\/jats:styled-content> regulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,27]],"date-time":"2016-06-27T04:23:13Z","timestamp":1467001393000},"page":"1497-1502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["<scp>TOX<\/scp> expression and role in <scp>CTCL<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"L.Y.","family":"McGirt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology Levine Cancer Institute Carolinas Medical Center Charlotte NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine\/Dermatology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN 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