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A diagnostic algorithm permitting discrimination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> from squamous cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>) and normal skin has been proposed. However, diagnostic accuracy strongly depends on the experience of physicians. In two recent studies, it was demonstrated that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCT<\/jats:styled-content> permits to quantify <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> optical properties such as light attenuation in intrinsic ageing skin, in melanocytic lesions and in basal cell carcinoma. This approach seems to permit a semiautomated classification of lesions easier to handle by non\u2010experts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this paper was to quantify <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> optical properties of facial located <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> lesions, such as light attenuation, by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCT<\/jats:styled-content>. Additional objectives were to determine the best critical value of these optical properties for discrimination of AK from SCC and from normal sun exposed skin and to subdifferentiate AKs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The technique of semi\u2010log plot has been implemented on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCT<\/jats:styled-content> signals. This permitted the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> measurement of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCT<\/jats:styled-content> signals coming from the skin entrance up to the superficial reticular dermis. Moreover, relative attenuation factor (\u03bc<jats:sub><jats:italic>raf<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) at different skin layers (1\u20133) could be determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Optical properties with high diagnostic accuracy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DA<\/jats:styled-content>) and high negative predictive values (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPV<\/jats:styled-content>) could be defined permitting the differentiation between normal skin, non\u2010Bowenoid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> without follicular involvement, non\u2010Bowenoid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> with follicular involvement, Bowenoid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>, hypertrophic and lichenoid form of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> and squamous cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>HD\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCT<\/jats:styled-content> seems to enable the combination of <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> morphological analysis of cellular and 3D microarchitectural structures with <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> analysis of optical properties of tissue scatterers in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> lesions and normal sun\u2010exposed skin. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCT<\/jats:styled-content> analysis of optical properties permits <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> discrimination from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> subdifferentiation with higher accuracy than <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCT<\/jats:styled-content> analysis of morphology alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]],"date-time":"2016-06-17T09:48:55Z","timestamp":1466156935000},"page":"1714-1725","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A new algorithm for the discrimination of actinic keratosis from normal skin and squamous cell carcinoma based on <i>in vivo<\/i> analysis of optical properties by high\u2010definition optical coherence tomography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"M.A.L.M.","family":"Boone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology H\u00f4pital Erasme Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles Brussels 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